归去来兮-3: 23條：香港特別行政區應自行立法禁止任何叛國、分裂國家、煽動叛亂、顛覆中央人民政府及竊取國家機密的行為，禁止外國的政治性組織或團體在香港特別行政區進行政治活動，禁止香港特別行政區的政治性組織或團體與外國的政治性組織或團體建立聯繫。
Xieshao Fen 5
Mongkok more nights more people谢少芬5
Kelly--1520141224夜Kelly - 15
Clock Tower outside!
凯利 - 15英停止打压，我们绝不妥协。20141224
Kelly--15 現在菜街，有市民暈著！20141224
Kelly--15铜锣湾时代广场！20141224
没昵称3 14岁，14个警察，扣留17小时
没昵称3香港是香港，就是这个原因
著名神经病
【今
天爆出世界笑话：拦路抢劫居然亏损！】2013年全国收费公路亏损661亿元，全国共有收费站86000个，平均算下来每个收费站亏损77万！亏损人所共
知的一个原因：钱被共产了，养情妇了；还有个人所不共知的原因：西部大量的高速公路上没有车。这样的话撤掉收费站是不是就不亏了？舍得吗？
Famous neuropathy
[today broke the world joke: highway robbery actually a loss! ] 2013 National Turnpike loss of 66.1 billion yuan, a total of 86,000 charging stations, each doing an average loss of 770,000 charging station! One reason for the loss is well known: the money was communist, and keep his mistress; there are personal reasons not well known: There is no car on the lot of the highway west. So removed the toll booth is not no loser? Willing to do?
[today broke the world joke: highway robbery actually a loss! ] 2013 National Turnpike loss of 66.1 billion yuan, a total of 86,000 charging stations, each doing an average loss of 770,000 charging station! One reason for the loss is well known: the money was communist, and keep his mistress; there are personal reasons not well known: There is no car on the lot of the highway west. So removed the toll booth is not no loser? Willing to do?
谈春平
【平
安夜
西安一高校强制学生看中华宣传片】下午，有网友爆料称，西北大学现代学院把所有学生组织起来，观看孔子等各类中华传统文化宣传片，老师把守教室门口，谁过
圣诞就给谁处分。网帖配图显示，条幅写着“争做华夏优秀儿女，反对媚俗西方洋节”“抵御西方文化扩张”等。详见：http://url.cn/acZBf0
Tan Chun-ping
[Eve Xi'an university students forced to watch commercials China] afternoon, friends broke the news, Northwestern University School of Modern all students organize themselves Confucius watch videos and other types of traditional Chinese culture, guarding the door of the classroom teacher Who Christmas who gave sanction. Net posts with map display, banners read "outstanding sons and daughters to become China oppose the Western kitsch foreign festival", "resist the expansion of Western culture," and so on. See: http: //url.cn/acZBf0
[Eve Xi'an university students forced to watch commercials China] afternoon, friends broke the news, Northwestern University School of Modern all students organize themselves Confucius watch videos and other types of traditional Chinese culture, guarding the door of the classroom teacher Who Christmas who gave sanction. Net posts with map display, banners read "outstanding sons and daughters to become China oppose the Western kitsch foreign festival", "resist the expansion of Western culture," and so on. See: http: //url.cn/acZBf0
西安一所高校强制学生平安夜看中华宣传片
http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2014-12-24/201431323713.shtml
2014年12月24日20:14 新京报新京报快讯 (记者 程媛媛 实习生 马金凤)“今晚又要看宣传片，有没有想吐的？”今日(12月24日)有网友爆料称，西北大学现代学院在平安夜，组织学生观看中华传统文化宣传片，并称将处分过圣诞节的学生。截至发稿，该校未作回应。今日下午，有网友爆料称，西北大学现代学院把所有学生组织起来观看孔子等各类中华传统文化宣传片，教室门口有老师把守，谁过圣诞就给谁处分。
网帖配图显示，条幅写着“争做华夏优秀儿女，反对媚俗西方洋节”“抵御西方文化扩张”等字句。今日下午6时许，该校一名大三男生称，今日上午就接到学校通知，“晚上观看3个小时的宣传片，不去者予以处分。”对此，他表示，“我们都习惯了，学校每年的平安夜都会组织学生去看宣传片。”
“没办法啊，我们逃不出去。”该男生说，看宣传片时，每个班级的辅导员都在场，楼下有许多老师把守，逃走将按平时三次旷课处理。
该校另一学生称，每年的圣诞节，同学间没有送苹果、聚餐等传统。“学校是封闭式管理，除了学习，我们只能待在宿舍玩电脑。”
今日18时许，新京报记者致电该校教师，未得到回应。
(原标题：西安一高校强制学生平安夜看中华宣传片) This afternoon, there are friends broke the news, Northwestern University School of the modern watch all students organize Confucius and other types of traditional Chinese culture videos, classroom teachers guarded the door, who gave who dispose of Christmas.
net posts with pictures displayed banners that read "outstanding sons and daughters to become China oppose the Western kitsch foreign festival", "resist the expansion of Western culture" and other words.
today at 6 pm, a junior boys school, said the school received a notice this morning, "night watch three hours of videos, not to those who shall be punished." In this regard, he said, "We are accustomed to, Eve will organize the annual school students to see the videos."
"No way, ah, we escape to." The boy said, watching videos, each Class instructors are present, there are many teachers guard downstairs, escape three times will usually deal with truancy.
school to another student, said the annual Christmas, Apple did not send among students, and other traditional dinner. "The school is a closed-end management, in addition to learning, we can only play on the computer to stay in the dormitory."
18 am today, the Beijing News reporter called the school teacher, did not get a response.
(Original title: Xi'an, a college student on Christmas Eve to see China forced promo)
article Keywords: Christmas Eve
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timber Lord
"Coke Life" Zhang Fang Zhou
man
"Rugao Daily" by
a key focus attention more senior media person
[earthly] Sanye Garam orphanage
Zou Shiming wives and children coming out of the airport
Christmas Dress Collection! Instantly become Mimi da
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rural people find real first snake
Secret gynecological examination amazing beauty insider
Shoe awkward scene
photographed the driver embarrassing behavior
Application Center Sina Sina charity game interactive activities recommended hot
ignited inside a small light: Matchbox
love life love accounting: accounting love
gourmet connect you and me: Hong Ha recipes
especially convenient: Quickly check the Chinese dictionary
Underground Adventure: diamond dig, dig
Football Cards: The Legend Eleven
epic big Battle: Pirates century
timid Shenru: Christmas midnight
warm heart: more fun practicing badminton blessing SMS Daquan
Artifact: Moby badminton
talking face: the connotation of the expression
allows you to instantly change tease B weapon: funny shot
vertical version of tower defense new tour: Demon Lair
seeking to escape: the incredible room
Sony posthumous: Fish cake feast
knife board : biochemical company
· City hot festivals
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· New Post on-line more favorable prices
Sina Rotary wing industry Area
Sina stock trader can only pay a commission to buy stocks firm Sina stock trader, free accounts free of principal, a firm offer me out of commission you pay, you call the shots Trader earnings 28 to open Sina professional Educational Testing Service platform to study abroad, business schools, schools, schools, foreign language, educational video expert group hotspot Education Knowledge Encyclopedia offers small rise early, in the exam, college entrance examination, PubMed, Self and other test counseling NBA officially licensed live video sites NBA China Games, conventional Cup finals, playoffs, etc. to show live video grassroots blogger wonderful things in the world have the most dazzling star entertainment blog, the most intellectual celebrity blog. The most trusted news and information education civil service examinations, TOEFL, IELTS, judicial, accounting and other test counseling small effect of advertising effectiveness platform Sina large investment opportunities, supporting effect of the camp, with a wingspan future China's most popular blog mainstream TV channels blog is the whole of China most mainstream, the most popular blog channel.
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owned [Hunan Shaoyang]
support school practice , the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Today 01:13 Reply Report 105
Wang Pu Chan to keep up appearances [Sina personal authentication] [British Columbia]
off what we do on Christmas Eve? Like today reported 78 01:27
Reply
cofin [Beijing Haidian]
use the Gregorian calendar we must believe in Christ? Then you are not using the characters must worship ancestors do? Then you may also use the Gregorian calendar also used Chinese characters and have believed in Christ they worshiped ancestors how to do?
Praise today reported 65 01:00 Reply
latest comments Refresh
pestle Liang Feng [Beijing Haidian]
foreigners too Spring it
// @ mobile phone users: Christmas, it is not Western culture, but world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more.
Report 2 minutes ago Like Reply View conversation
conspiracy theory believers [Beijing Haidian]
vision and foresight he did not say what that is dark blue
// @ Cheng: incredible, actually all-popular reviews support, shudder, dare to water a little more obvious it
6 minutes ago Report View conversation praise Reply
phone users [Guangzhou]
China's festival will not clear out all day, thinking about other countries grams festival. Like
8 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Tianjin]
school approach is correct, strongly supports. Today's young people will know that Yang Wanyi West, parents scrimp and save for you to go to school to learn the knowledge to serve the motherland! Like
10 minutes ago Report Reply
antiquity 7 [Beijing Haidian]
your baby is going to inherit the traditional culture of the school?
// @ icy water resources: support school practice, the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Report View conversation 16 minutes ago Like Reply
phone users [Wenzhou]
Christmas, it is not Western culture, but of world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more. Like
17 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
car is a foreigner invention, the mobile phone is a foreigner invention, the network is a foreigner invention. Have a skill you do not use. Users
// @ 5446776490: Chinese people are not too foreign holiday! We have the ability to be a foreigner over the festive
17 minutes ago Report View conversation Reply
winter comes like 00 [Shijiazhuang]
should carry forward the Chinese Spring Festival
reply 19 minutes ago Report Chan
Young people really [Guangzhou]
about this festival more benefits than disadvantages outweigh the costs
19 minutes ago Report Reply Like
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
well, the point like
21 minutes ago Report Reply Like
Click to load more
net posts with pictures displayed banners that read "outstanding sons and daughters to become China oppose the Western kitsch foreign festival", "resist the expansion of Western culture" and other words.
today at 6 pm, a junior boys school, said the school received a notice this morning, "night watch three hours of videos, not to those who shall be punished." In this regard, he said, "We are accustomed to, Eve will organize the annual school students to see the videos."
"No way, ah, we escape to." The boy said, watching videos, each Class instructors are present, there are many teachers guard downstairs, escape three times will usually deal with truancy.
school to another student, said the annual Christmas, Apple did not send among students, and other traditional dinner. "The school is a closed-end management, in addition to learning, we can only play on the computer to stay in the dormitory."
18 am today, the Beijing News reporter called the school teacher, did not get a response.
(Original title: Xi'an, a college student on Christmas Eve to see China forced promo)
article Keywords: Christmas Eve
I want feedback
related reading
men charged with rape and murder Girls sit 16 years of unjust imprisonment is eligible for state compensation 1,570,000
men charged with rape and murder of 16-year girl sitting on a miscarriage of justice by the national compensation 1,570,000
serving 15 years and 363 days, Zhuhai Xu Hui men in prison today by Kuitun home . 1998, 19-year-old neighbor girl involved Xu Hui Yan moon was raped and killed a case, has been sentenced to death in Zhuhai City Intermediate People's Court and the Guangdong Provincial High Court twice. After more than 16 years of persistence, September 9 this year, Zhuhai City Court retrial verdict, Xu Hui found guilty. [More]
12 月 24 日 19:46
innocence State Compensation
Comments (8344) | Share
90 was closed after the girl pole dancing goddess income far exceeds the collar after 15
90 The girl was sealed pole dancing goddess income far exceeds the collar 90 girls pole dancing goddess blocked income far more white-collar
12 月 24 日 21:43
Zhengzhou 90 pole dancing goddess
Comments (3101) | Share
Hong massive anti-vice arrested 58 mainland women in Hong Kong 4
massive anti-vice arrested 58 mainland women in Hong Kong large-scale anti-vice Mainland women arrested 58 月 24 日
12 15:03
Hong Kong anti-vice arrested
Comments (2112) | Share
man raped four elderly burglary, said thieves do not go empty
man raped four elderly burglary, said thieves do not go empty
5 24 morning 2 pm, a man entered the city north of the office should be 67-year-old elderly Han village house, armed with a knife threatened to rape her. Later, Mr. Han elderly on the bed at home 200 yuan in cash and eight chickens fed also stolen. [More]
12 月 24 日 13:34
rape elderly theft
Comments (8353) | Share
female college friends circle mask selling 500,000 yuan monthly trade deficit 22
female students May trade deficit mask circle of friends to sell 500,000 yuan selling female college friends circle mask 500,000 yuan monthly trade deficit of female college friends circle sell mask 500,000 yuan monthly trade deficit
12 月 24 日 11:17
students start a Friend Circle
Comments (13211) | mood share
Please select when you see this news shocked
moved
funny
sad
novelty
anger
microblogging Recommended
Wang Pu keep up appearances
Yangcheng Evening News reporter
Zheng Jimin
channel outreach editor
early Qing Jiang Guo .. .
host Qing Song
photographer Pupu blue
new source of Cinema founder
really Chengjie Si
preside Xiao Xiao students who
Chinese publishing media providers
EwenCheuk
YOHO magazine "
xuuxoo Gan Peng
reporter, columnist ...
timber Lord
"Coke Life" Zhang Fang Zhou
man
"Rugao Daily" by
a key focus attention more senior media person
[earthly] Sanye Garam orphanage
Zou Shiming wives and children coming out of the airport
Christmas Dress Collection! Instantly become Mimi da
Fiona baby SM tied halter fight headlines
focus
rural people find real first snake
Secret gynecological examination amazing beauty insider
Shoe awkward scene
photographed the driver embarrassing behavior
Application Center Sina Sina charity game interactive activities recommended hot
ignited inside a small light: Matchbox
love life love accounting: accounting love
gourmet connect you and me: Hong Ha recipes
especially convenient: Quickly check the Chinese dictionary
Underground Adventure: diamond dig, dig
Football Cards: The Legend Eleven
epic big Battle: Pirates century
timid Shenru: Christmas midnight
warm heart: more fun practicing badminton blessing SMS Daquan
Artifact: Moby badminton
talking face: the connotation of the expression
allows you to instantly change tease B weapon: funny shot
vertical version of tower defense new tour: Demon Lair
seeking to escape: the incredible room
Sony posthumous: Fish cake feast
knife board : biochemical company
· City hot festivals
· Sina "dialogue city"
· Recruitment Partners
· New Post on-line more favorable prices
Sina Rotary wing industry Area
Sina stock trader can only pay a commission to buy stocks firm Sina stock trader, free accounts free of principal, a firm offer me out of commission you pay, you call the shots Trader earnings 28 to open Sina professional Educational Testing Service platform to study abroad, business schools, schools, schools, foreign language, educational video expert group hotspot Education Knowledge Encyclopedia offers small rise early, in the exam, college entrance examination, PubMed, Self and other test counseling NBA officially licensed live video sites NBA China Games, conventional Cup finals, playoffs, etc. to show live video grassroots blogger wonderful things in the world have the most dazzling star entertainment blog, the most intellectual celebrity blog. The most trusted news and information education civil service examinations, TOEFL, IELTS, judicial, accounting and other test counseling small effect of advertising effectiveness platform Sina large investment opportunities, supporting effect of the camp, with a wingspan future China's most popular blog mainstream TV channels blog is the whole of China most mainstream, the most popular blog channel.
1,167 comments | 19,223 people involved, I have something to say
Login | Register
expression
publish comments
hottest cold water to refresh
owned [Hunan Shaoyang]
support school practice , the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Today 01:13 Reply Report 105
Wang Pu Chan to keep up appearances [Sina personal authentication] [British Columbia]
off what we do on Christmas Eve? Like today reported 78 01:27
Reply
cofin [Beijing Haidian]
use the Gregorian calendar we must believe in Christ? Then you are not using the characters must worship ancestors do? Then you may also use the Gregorian calendar also used Chinese characters and have believed in Christ they worshiped ancestors how to do?
Praise today reported 65 01:00 Reply
latest comments Refresh
pestle Liang Feng [Beijing Haidian]
foreigners too Spring it
// @ mobile phone users: Christmas, it is not Western culture, but world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more.
Report 2 minutes ago Like Reply View conversation
conspiracy theory believers [Beijing Haidian]
vision and foresight he did not say what that is dark blue
// @ Cheng: incredible, actually all-popular reviews support, shudder, dare to water a little more obvious it
6 minutes ago Report View conversation praise Reply
phone users [Guangzhou]
China's festival will not clear out all day, thinking about other countries grams festival. Like
8 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Tianjin]
school approach is correct, strongly supports. Today's young people will know that Yang Wanyi West, parents scrimp and save for you to go to school to learn the knowledge to serve the motherland! Like
10 minutes ago Report Reply
antiquity 7 [Beijing Haidian]
your baby is going to inherit the traditional culture of the school?
// @ icy water resources: support school practice, the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Report View conversation 16 minutes ago Like Reply
phone users [Wenzhou]
Christmas, it is not Western culture, but of world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more. Like
17 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
car is a foreigner invention, the mobile phone is a foreigner invention, the network is a foreigner invention. Have a skill you do not use. Users
// @ 5446776490: Chinese people are not too foreign holiday! We have the ability to be a foreigner over the festive
17 minutes ago Report View conversation Reply
winter comes like 00 [Shijiazhuang]
should carry forward the Chinese Spring Festival
reply 19 minutes ago Report Chan
Young people really [Guangzhou]
about this festival more benefits than disadvantages outweigh the costs
19 minutes ago Report Reply Like
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
well, the point like
21 minutes ago Report Reply Like
Click to load more
今日下午，有网友爆料称，西北大学现代学院把所有学生组织起来观看孔子等各类中华传统文化宣传片，教室门口有老师把守，谁过圣诞就给谁处分。
网帖配图显示，条幅写着“争做华夏优秀儿女，反对媚俗西方洋节”“抵御西方文化扩张”等字句。Today at 6 pm, a junior boys school, said the school received a notice this morning, "night watch three hours of videos, not to those who shall be punished." In this regard, he said, "We are accustomed to the Christmas Eve will organize the annual school students to see the videos. "
" No way, ah, we escape to. "The boy said, watching videos, each class instructors are present Downstairs there are many teachers guard, escape three times will usually deal with truancy.
school to another student, said the annual Christmas, Apple did not send among students, and other traditional dinner. "The school is a closed-end management, in addition to learning, we can only play on the computer to stay in the dormitory."
18 am today, the Beijing News reporter called the school teacher, did not get a response.
(Original title: Xi'an, a college student on Christmas Eve to see China forced promo)
article Keywords: Christmas Eve
I want feedback
related reading
men charged with rape and murder Girls sit 16 years of unjust imprisonment is eligible for state compensation 1,570,000
men charged with rape and murder of 16-year girl sitting on a miscarriage of justice by the national compensation 1,570,000
serving 15 years and 363 days, Zhuhai Xu Hui men in prison today by Kuitun home . 1998, 19-year-old neighbor girl involved Xu Hui Yan moon was raped and killed a case, has been sentenced to death in Zhuhai City Intermediate People's Court and the Guangdong Provincial High Court twice. After more than 16 years of persistence, September 9 this year, Zhuhai City Court retrial verdict, Xu Hui found guilty. [More]
12 月 24 日 19:46
innocence State Compensation
Comments (8344) | Share
90 was closed after the girl pole dancing goddess income far exceeds the collar after 15
90 The girl was sealed pole dancing goddess income far exceeds the collar 90 girls pole dancing goddess blocked income far more white-collar
12 月 24 日 21:43
Zhengzhou 90 pole dancing goddess
Comments (3101) | Share
Hong massive anti-vice arrested 58 mainland women in Hong Kong 4
massive anti-vice arrested 58 mainland women in Hong Kong large-scale anti-vice Mainland women arrested 58 月 24 日
12 15:03
Hong Kong anti-vice arrested
Comments (2112) | Share
man raped four elderly burglary, said thieves do not go empty
man raped four elderly burglary, said thieves do not go empty
5 24 morning 2 pm, a man entered the city north of the office should be 67-year-old elderly Han village house, armed with a knife threatened to rape her. Later, Mr. Han elderly on the bed at home 200 yuan in cash and eight chickens fed also stolen. [More]
12 月 24 日 13:34
rape elderly theft
Comments (8353) | Share
female college friends circle mask selling 500,000 yuan monthly trade deficit 22
female students May trade deficit mask circle of friends to sell 500,000 yuan selling female college friends circle mask 500,000 yuan monthly trade deficit of female college friends circle sell mask 500,000 yuan monthly trade deficit
12 月 24 日 11:17
students start a Friend Circle
Comments (13211) | mood share
Please select when you see this news shocked
moved
funny
sad
novelty
anger
microblogging Recommended
Wang Pu keep up appearances
Yangcheng Evening News reporter
Zheng Jimin
channel outreach editor
early Qing Jiang Guo .. .
host Qing Song
photographer Pupu blue
new source of Cinema founder
really Chengjie Si
preside Xiao Xiao students who
Chinese publishing media providers
EwenCheuk
YOHO magazine "
xuuxoo Gan Peng
reporter, columnist ...
timber Lord
"Coke Life" Zhang Fang Zhou
man
"Rugao Daily" by
a key focus attention more senior media person
[earthly] Sanye Garam orphanage
Zou Shiming wives and children coming out of the airport
Christmas Dress Collection! Instantly become Mimi da
Fiona baby SM tied halter fight headlines
focus
rural people find real first snake
Secret gynecological examination amazing beauty insider
Shoe awkward scene
photographed the driver embarrassing behavior
Application Center Sina Sina charity game interactive activities recommended hot
ignited inside a small light: Matchbox
love life love accounting: accounting love
gourmet connect you and me: Hong Ha recipes
especially convenient: Quickly check the Chinese dictionary
Underground Adventure: diamond dig, dig
Football Cards: The Legend Eleven
epic big Battle: Pirates century
timid Shenru: Christmas midnight
warm heart: more fun practicing badminton blessing SMS Daquan
Artifact: Moby badminton
talking face: the connotation of the expression
allows you to instantly change tease B weapon: funny shot
vertical version of tower defense new tour: Demon Lair
seeking to escape: the incredible room
Sony posthumous: Fish cake feast
knife board : biochemical company
· City hot festivals
· Sina "dialogue city"
· Recruitment Partners
· New Post on-line more favorable prices
Sina Rotary wing industry Area
Sina stock trader can only pay a commission to buy stocks firm Sina stock trader, free accounts free of principal, a firm offer me out of commission you pay, you call the shots Trader earnings 28 to open Sina professional Educational Testing Service platform to study abroad, business schools, schools, schools, foreign language, educational video expert group hotspot Education Knowledge Encyclopedia offers small rise early, in the exam, college entrance examination, PubMed, Self and other test counseling NBA officially licensed live video sites NBA China Games, conventional Cup finals, playoffs, etc. to show live video grassroots blogger wonderful things in the world have the most dazzling star entertainment blog, the most intellectual celebrity blog. The most trusted news and information education civil service examinations, TOEFL, IELTS, judicial, accounting and other test counseling small effect of advertising effectiveness platform Sina large investment opportunities, supporting effect of the camp, with a wingspan future China's most popular blog mainstream TV channels blog is the whole of China most mainstream, the most popular blog channel.
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owned [Hunan Shaoyang]
support school practice , the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Today 01:13 Reply Report 105
Wang Pu Chan to keep up appearances [Sina personal authentication] [British Columbia]
off what we do on Christmas Eve? Like today reported 78 01:27
Reply
cofin [Beijing Haidian]
use the Gregorian calendar we must believe in Christ? Then you are not using the characters must worship ancestors do? Then you may also use the Gregorian calendar also used Chinese characters and have believed in Christ they worshiped ancestors how to do?
Praise today reported 65 01:00 Reply
latest comments Refresh
pestle Liang Feng [Beijing Haidian]
foreigners too Spring it
// @ mobile phone users: Christmas, it is not Western culture, but world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more.
Report 2 minutes ago Like Reply View conversation
conspiracy theory believers [Beijing Haidian]
vision and foresight he did not say what that is dark blue
// @ Cheng: incredible, actually all-popular reviews support, shudder, dare to water a little more obvious it
6 minutes ago Report View conversation praise Reply
phone users [Guangzhou]
China's festival will not clear out all day, thinking about other countries grams festival. Like
8 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Tianjin]
school approach is correct, strongly supports. Today's young people will know that Yang Wanyi West, parents scrimp and save for you to go to school to learn the knowledge to serve the motherland! Like
10 minutes ago Report Reply
antiquity 7 [Beijing Haidian]
your baby is going to inherit the traditional culture of the school?
// @ icy water resources: support school practice, the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Report View conversation 16 minutes ago Like Reply
phone users [Wenzhou]
Christmas, it is not Western culture, but of world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more. Like
17 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
car is a foreigner invention, the mobile phone is a foreigner invention, the network is a foreigner invention. Have a skill you do not use. Users
// @ 5446776490: Chinese people are not too foreign holiday! We have the ability to be a foreigner over the festive
17 minutes ago Report View conversation Reply
winter comes like 00 [Shijiazhuang]
should carry forward the Chinese Spring Festival
reply 19 minutes ago Report Chan
Young people really [Guangzhou]
about this festival more benefits than disadvantages outweigh the costs
19 minutes ago Report Reply Like
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
well, the point like
21 minutes ago Report Reply Like
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网帖配图显示，条幅写着“争做华夏优秀儿女，反对媚俗西方洋节”“抵御西方文化扩张”等字句。Today at 6 pm, a junior boys school, said the school received a notice this morning, "night watch three hours of videos, not to those who shall be punished." In this regard, he said, "We are accustomed to the Christmas Eve will organize the annual school students to see the videos. "
" No way, ah, we escape to. "The boy said, watching videos, each class instructors are present Downstairs there are many teachers guard, escape three times will usually deal with truancy.
school to another student, said the annual Christmas, Apple did not send among students, and other traditional dinner. "The school is a closed-end management, in addition to learning, we can only play on the computer to stay in the dormitory."
18 am today, the Beijing News reporter called the school teacher, did not get a response.
(Original title: Xi'an, a college student on Christmas Eve to see China forced promo)
article Keywords: Christmas Eve
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hottest cold water to refresh
owned [Hunan Shaoyang]
support school practice , the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Today 01:13 Reply Report 105
Wang Pu Chan to keep up appearances [Sina personal authentication] [British Columbia]
off what we do on Christmas Eve? Like today reported 78 01:27
Reply
cofin [Beijing Haidian]
use the Gregorian calendar we must believe in Christ? Then you are not using the characters must worship ancestors do? Then you may also use the Gregorian calendar also used Chinese characters and have believed in Christ they worshiped ancestors how to do?
Praise today reported 65 01:00 Reply
latest comments Refresh
pestle Liang Feng [Beijing Haidian]
foreigners too Spring it
// @ mobile phone users: Christmas, it is not Western culture, but world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more.
Report 2 minutes ago Like Reply View conversation
conspiracy theory believers [Beijing Haidian]
vision and foresight he did not say what that is dark blue
// @ Cheng: incredible, actually all-popular reviews support, shudder, dare to water a little more obvious it
6 minutes ago Report View conversation praise Reply
phone users [Guangzhou]
China's festival will not clear out all day, thinking about other countries grams festival. Like
8 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Tianjin]
school approach is correct, strongly supports. Today's young people will know that Yang Wanyi West, parents scrimp and save for you to go to school to learn the knowledge to serve the motherland! Like
10 minutes ago Report Reply
antiquity 7 [Beijing Haidian]
your baby is going to inherit the traditional culture of the school?
// @ icy water resources: support school practice, the basic mission of the school is the cultural heritage, but first and foremost task is to instill Chinese culture!
Report View conversation 16 minutes ago Like Reply
phone users [Wenzhou]
Christmas, it is not Western culture, but of world culture. If people go to conflict, not really what inheritance, but lost more. Like
17 minutes ago Report Reply
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
car is a foreigner invention, the mobile phone is a foreigner invention, the network is a foreigner invention. Have a skill you do not use. Users
// @ 5446776490: Chinese people are not too foreign holiday! We have the ability to be a foreigner over the festive
17 minutes ago Report View conversation Reply
winter comes like 00 [Shijiazhuang]
should carry forward the Chinese Spring Festival
reply 19 minutes ago Report Chan
Young people really [Guangzhou]
about this festival more benefits than disadvantages outweigh the costs
19 minutes ago Report Reply Like
phone users [Beijing Haidian]
well, the point like
21 minutes ago Report Reply Like
Click to load more
cofin[浙江杭州]
Mark Ann
"Brick House show off the South can not save failed" failure of the South # # is a fact no doubt, we look at pictures, archive forwarding. Lee Captain Gregg Jianmang @ @ @ Jun Wen Xie poetry @ Chan Bing West # @ France big long microblogging #http: //url.cn/W6fQTO马可安
"Brick House show off the South can not save failed" failure of the South # # is a fact no doubt, we look at pictures, archive forwarding. Lee Captain Gregg Jianmang @ @ @ Jun Wen Xie poetry @ Chan Bing West # @ France big long microblogging #http: //url.cn/W6fQTO马可安
Brick home defeat
show off not save the South the South's defeat is fait accompli, indisputable facts, can not be verified will take time courtesy. TV on my vocal opposition of the brick house tried to bar the debate turned into a scientific debate is futile and ridiculous. The scientific debate is a research and demonstration projects were implemented before the thing, because the whole project is still being conceived, can only rely on science experiments and scientific theories hypothetical projections. As for completion of the project, the real operation, operating results in the end, this is a fact, not a scientific debate. I said that the quantity of water is less than fifty cubic meters per second, far below the design specifications, every time you have a precise instrument in monitoring water. You say I am wrong and the data out, you know that I was wrong, no need to debate, and come up with a data can overthrow my conclusion. But in the brick home on television turns bombing they hate me almost a week, no one brick home do have data to refute me. The data they do have, not out. The fact is that standing on my conclusion here, this is very clear.
CCTV reporter tells us the truth and Rubber Duck
irony is overwhelming national media reported that a few days with a Rubber Duck CCTV estimate water speed, but did not report a specific according to the Rubber Duck an estimate of the velocity of the water. This big debate so far, no one to look into the field of water flow velocity exactly how much. In fact, CCTV reported've clearly told us that the water flow velocity. CCTV Edward Chiu has reported that, according to data provided by the South total dispatch center, water for five days, a total of 21 million cubic meters of water distribution, count out 49 cubic meters per second. If we consider the first day reported that drain into the headworks gate is increased from 20 cubic meters per second to 100 cubic meters per second, 8.64 million cubic meters a day of radiotherapy, the remaining four days will be reduced to 36 cubic meters per second of water flow downstream water is not clear, do not reduce the release of water headworks gate, was filled out. CCTV Rubber Duck drifting videos, clearly the official water flow measurement data is printed on the screen:
picture
CCTV reported that North Water Diversion of water through the television cameras, displays an impressively floating in canal The Rubber Duck, allowing millions of viewers witnessed directly Rubber Duck was how slow drift, the quantity of water far below the design specifications, so the whole project failed. Rubber Duck drift velocity than I originally pessimistic estimate, even slower times. This is before the official water, flood after flood into the muddy water Danjiangkou, after months of precipitation, channel bottom into a mud bottom, thus blocking the flow of water sake. This is what I had expected results. Did not expect that the actual situation is even worse than I expected much more, and a variety brick home angry retort reason, it is much more than I expected to be brain-dead. water-filled test
months how to channel sedimentation dirt
Danjiangkou muddy water after flood water diversion canal into the water-filled test done, still a few months sediment loads, what caused the How mud sedimentation result? Brick home, said the end of October to read the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the water is very clear. Come on, that was passed a few months flood, reservoir sedimentation in a few months, much more natural clear water. But by the end of August early September Danjiangkou floods rose up, do you put into the muddy water filled with water tested. Pingdingshan was reported to the diversion, the reporter saw the head reported relatively turbid, is a fact. But I am more concerned about is that after months of filling water test, the South of the canal, exactly what kind of dirty. Beijing Mission Lake City in late October after filling water test ends, the Juma River water diversion culvert let the water out of rivers and lakes replenish the environment because the water is really dirty, does not drink, and to what extent we look at dirty pictures you know, this is the October 27, 2014 Official photographs:
picture
This is the dirtiest water I've ever seen, much dirtier than the toilet flushing. Beijing friends, you have to drink from the dirty water flowing in the channel. This is the beginning of the year after the repair erosion. But a few months later the dirty water-filled test in such a way. The ancients said that water does not rot. Stagnant water does not flow, is sure to rot, let alone the capital has always been a place easily moldy and rotten. I still can not explain how it precipitated a few months, the water becomes so dirty. This is by the water flow out of their own gravity, if the red dragon with high pressure water, even dirty fouling out much.
the South is not the speed of the water head speed
participation Mark Ann vocal opposition official media reporters who altered the idea of playing a game. They say the speed of 0.1 meters per second and can not explain Rubber Duck water velocity. Water velocity exceeds one meter per second. You see, headworks a gate, two days to Pingdingshan, then to Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Shijiazhuang, Baoding. A station doing, it is not about one meter per second? This is a steal for the concept of playing as one meter per second, which is the head of the local speed of the water flow rate is not true. For example, while I throw a pebble in a pond, the waves spread over two seconds the other side of the pond, but in fact there is no water in the past, but the water pressure waves pass over. What head is? Is to observe the ditch water level began to rise if, that is, to the head, which is the pressure change is passed, is not really out of the water headworks to. Headworks drainage, resulting in increased water depth at the headworks. This increased pressure waves pass forward, like a stone thrown wave forward pass, the pressure wave reached the local level began to rise up. But do not think it was put out fresh water headworks to. It was all done in a water-filled test Tuen backwater channels in a few months, do not put water plant immediately, immediately put to, just above the water like this picture, that drink? After Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Shijiazhuang and other places can not wait to grab a drink first port of Dan River's friends, you are fooled, head rose just put it out or do the rancid water-filled test Tuen stagnant for months, to wait for two months The stagnant water shine, Danjiangkou source of fresh water will be to.
fact, this is basic common sense, there would have been water channels, we have to wait a full streamer had some water, fresh water will flow. Reporters have to deceive the public, deliberately misinterpreted as head forward speed water flow rate. Let us not hesitate to hoard a few months old dirty water, mistakenly thought it was just put out fresh water from the headworks. So there is no basic professional ethics of. When he was not on.
the South does seem to be frozen in winter
I noticed a story about the last head of the South travel, stay in the afternoon of December 19 reported that the head arrives at Baoding watershed west of Montenegro that water ice was ten centimeters. Television cameras inside the ice following a backwater, there have been no signs of flowing water, but as usual endorsement CCTV reporter said flow rate of one meter per second, is not affected by freezing, the water in the ice downstream. Okay, so dirty it is dirty. But at the Beijing West Montenegro watershed Juma culvert entrance this open channel, only 74 km away, one meter per second, just 12 hours to. How has been five days, and did not see the head reaches the follow-up report Juma culverts at it? See is constantly on the crusade of Mark Ann reported at great length. Is not really be completely frozen, the water is really not the South to Beijing then? Leaving only 74 km away, ah, already five days.
from Tianjin at the end of the watershed to be more than 150 kilometers. Appeared to be much better. This fully marble Tianjin culverts, go underground. Underground indeed much warmer, not easy to freeze. Reported that the 21-day head to arrive in Tianjin, began injecting water plant up. Once again, I warned Tianjin friend, immediately inject water plant is not Danjiangkou to fresh water, the water's still early, the next one to two months, and now coming down the water plant is a dirty village a few months, not health, do not drink.
water freezes in the winter is a natural law. Brick home include Mission Lake City these days minimum temperature of -5 ° C at night and no ice as examples. They are trying to overturn the laws of physics to prove that the freezing point of water is lower than -5 ° C it? Beijing these days, on average, maximum and minimum temperatures below freezing is probably not yet, if below freezing point with mechanical agitation which want to prevent icing is futile. Yellow even have two or three months a year frozen it, not to mention the artificial channels. We take a look at how a water diversion canal ice is like it:
picture
picture
from west to Beijing Juma culverts which Montenegro 74 km section of open channel, there are no completely frozen to live? I do not know, but really have no news fifty-six days. Even without freezing in the end, I think it is also close to zero the rate of water flow. Flow rate under normal circumstances, Rubber Duck tells us is 0.1 meters per second. After the water ice, water and drainage, not only the end of a friction, and the ice surface is also friction, the friction surface area doubled. Close to the freezing point of water, viscosity coefficient increased more than twice, four times the combined resistance, coupled with the river will bear icicles, irregular shape extends into the water, and it is greatly increased Manning, at least increased water resistance sixty-seven times, 0.1 m of water per second speed, probably only just over twenty-three centimeters per second.
really not enough water in the South division
have to Darcy Montenegro head, still could not Beijing, there is an important reason, the water in the country has been split along the run out. Summing up all the reports, the South through the various cities, including Pingdingshan, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, have been impatient, reported in the first head arrives, open Outlet, put water into their city waterworks of . Water diversion canal in the water, because the slope is too small, the water slow pace difficult. But put out of the water intake points, what is a few meters gap, rushing Wow flow out, TV news really happy to see that the water flow. The problem is that it only Danjiangkou headworks thyristor fifty cubic meters per second, so pre-empt all the cities along the watershed, flowing Beijing also left the drums? He has said publicly reported diversion 9.5 billion annually, then the country will follow this number to calculate how much water left to their own city, unambiguously, bluntly. Because cities are dry ah!
then they know, the head just rising, Danjiangkou fresh water yet to come, put out all the old dirty water stored for several months? I think the parties are not so stupid, they know that the water quality is not good, not suitable for drinking. But they still have the first time in the watershed, drainage into the water plant. Because this is not polite, you do not turn on the water, turn on the water in other cities, and later found that the water is not enough, you think about drainage, do not let up. The first to turn on the water, causing the fait accompli, fight for their own city a little more water, it is necessary to be so. Moreover, they are aware that the South owed to a large water debt, no matter no water, they had to dig into their pockets. It seems that the country has been in competition for water, this lively frame has started playing.
tune in the end how much water, how much benefit the South play, this is no longer hiding, authorities announced that the actual figures of the time. The water around the South is also difficult to score points. To equitable distribution, you have to know the true diversion numbers. Especially in Beijing, if it continues its mouth diversion qwaqwa 9.5 billion tons per year, you have to eat Yaba Kui, a bucket of water is also less than a minute.砖家咋呼挽救不了南水北调的失败
show off not save the South the South's defeat is fait accompli, indisputable facts, can not be verified will take time courtesy. TV on my vocal opposition of the brick house tried to bar the debate turned into a scientific debate is futile and ridiculous. The scientific debate is a research and demonstration projects were implemented before the thing, because the whole project is still being conceived, can only rely on science experiments and scientific theories hypothetical projections. As for completion of the project, the real operation, operating results in the end, this is a fact, not a scientific debate. I said that the quantity of water is less than fifty cubic meters per second, far below the design specifications, every time you have a precise instrument in monitoring water. You say I am wrong and the data out, you know that I was wrong, no need to debate, and come up with a data can overthrow my conclusion. But in the brick home on television turns bombing they hate me almost a week, no one brick home do have data to refute me. The data they do have, not out. The fact is that standing on my conclusion here, this is very clear.
CCTV reporter tells us the truth and Rubber Duck
irony is overwhelming national media reported that a few days with a Rubber Duck CCTV estimate water speed, but did not report a specific according to the Rubber Duck an estimate of the velocity of the water. This big debate so far, no one to look into the field of water flow velocity exactly how much. In fact, CCTV reported've clearly told us that the water flow velocity. CCTV Edward Chiu has reported that, according to data provided by the South total dispatch center, water for five days, a total of 21 million cubic meters of water distribution, count out 49 cubic meters per second. If we consider the first day reported that drain into the headworks gate is increased from 20 cubic meters per second to 100 cubic meters per second, 8.64 million cubic meters a day of radiotherapy, the remaining four days will be reduced to 36 cubic meters per second of water flow downstream water is not clear, do not reduce the release of water headworks gate, was filled out. CCTV Rubber Duck drifting videos, clearly the official water flow measurement data is printed on the screen:
picture
CCTV reported that North Water Diversion of water through the television cameras, displays an impressively floating in canal The Rubber Duck, allowing millions of viewers witnessed directly Rubber Duck was how slow drift, the quantity of water far below the design specifications, so the whole project failed. Rubber Duck drift velocity than I originally pessimistic estimate, even slower times. This is before the official water, flood after flood into the muddy water Danjiangkou, after months of precipitation, channel bottom into a mud bottom, thus blocking the flow of water sake. This is what I had expected results. Did not expect that the actual situation is even worse than I expected much more, and a variety brick home angry retort reason, it is much more than I expected to be brain-dead. water-filled test
months how to channel sedimentation dirt
Danjiangkou muddy water after flood water diversion canal into the water-filled test done, still a few months sediment loads, what caused the How mud sedimentation result? Brick home, said the end of October to read the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the water is very clear. Come on, that was passed a few months flood, reservoir sedimentation in a few months, much more natural clear water. But by the end of August early September Danjiangkou floods rose up, do you put into the muddy water filled with water tested. Pingdingshan was reported to the diversion, the reporter saw the head reported relatively turbid, is a fact. But I am more concerned about is that after months of filling water test, the South of the canal, exactly what kind of dirty. Beijing Mission Lake City in late October after filling water test ends, the Juma River water diversion culvert let the water out of rivers and lakes replenish the environment because the water is really dirty, does not drink, and to what extent we look at dirty pictures you know, this is the October 27, 2014 Official photographs:
picture
This is the dirtiest water I've ever seen, much dirtier than the toilet flushing. Beijing friends, you have to drink from the dirty water flowing in the channel. This is the beginning of the year after the repair erosion. But a few months later the dirty water-filled test in such a way. The ancients said that water does not rot. Stagnant water does not flow, is sure to rot, let alone the capital has always been a place easily moldy and rotten. I still can not explain how it precipitated a few months, the water becomes so dirty. This is by the water flow out of their own gravity, if the red dragon with high pressure water, even dirty fouling out much.
the South is not the speed of the water head speed
participation Mark Ann vocal opposition official media reporters who altered the idea of playing a game. They say the speed of 0.1 meters per second and can not explain Rubber Duck water velocity. Water velocity exceeds one meter per second. You see, headworks a gate, two days to Pingdingshan, then to Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Shijiazhuang, Baoding. A station doing, it is not about one meter per second? This is a steal for the concept of playing as one meter per second, which is the head of the local speed of the water flow rate is not true. For example, while I throw a pebble in a pond, the waves spread over two seconds the other side of the pond, but in fact there is no water in the past, but the water pressure waves pass over. What head is? Is to observe the ditch water level began to rise if, that is, to the head, which is the pressure change is passed, is not really out of the water headworks to. Headworks drainage, resulting in increased water depth at the headworks. This increased pressure waves pass forward, like a stone thrown wave forward pass, the pressure wave reached the local level began to rise up. But do not think it was put out fresh water headworks to. It was all done in a water-filled test Tuen backwater channels in a few months, do not put water plant immediately, immediately put to, just above the water like this picture, that drink? After Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Shijiazhuang and other places can not wait to grab a drink first port of Dan River's friends, you are fooled, head rose just put it out or do the rancid water-filled test Tuen stagnant for months, to wait for two months The stagnant water shine, Danjiangkou source of fresh water will be to.
fact, this is basic common sense, there would have been water channels, we have to wait a full streamer had some water, fresh water will flow. Reporters have to deceive the public, deliberately misinterpreted as head forward speed water flow rate. Let us not hesitate to hoard a few months old dirty water, mistakenly thought it was just put out fresh water from the headworks. So there is no basic professional ethics of. When he was not on.
the South does seem to be frozen in winter
I noticed a story about the last head of the South travel, stay in the afternoon of December 19 reported that the head arrives at Baoding watershed west of Montenegro that water ice was ten centimeters. Television cameras inside the ice following a backwater, there have been no signs of flowing water, but as usual endorsement CCTV reporter said flow rate of one meter per second, is not affected by freezing, the water in the ice downstream. Okay, so dirty it is dirty. But at the Beijing West Montenegro watershed Juma culvert entrance this open channel, only 74 km away, one meter per second, just 12 hours to. How has been five days, and did not see the head reaches the follow-up report Juma culverts at it? See is constantly on the crusade of Mark Ann reported at great length. Is not really be completely frozen, the water is really not the South to Beijing then? Leaving only 74 km away, ah, already five days.
from Tianjin at the end of the watershed to be more than 150 kilometers. Appeared to be much better. This fully marble Tianjin culverts, go underground. Underground indeed much warmer, not easy to freeze. Reported that the 21-day head to arrive in Tianjin, began injecting water plant up. Once again, I warned Tianjin friend, immediately inject water plant is not Danjiangkou to fresh water, the water's still early, the next one to two months, and now coming down the water plant is a dirty village a few months, not health, do not drink.
water freezes in the winter is a natural law. Brick home include Mission Lake City these days minimum temperature of -5 ° C at night and no ice as examples. They are trying to overturn the laws of physics to prove that the freezing point of water is lower than -5 ° C it? Beijing these days, on average, maximum and minimum temperatures below freezing is probably not yet, if below freezing point with mechanical agitation which want to prevent icing is futile. Yellow even have two or three months a year frozen it, not to mention the artificial channels. We take a look at how a water diversion canal ice is like it:
picture
picture
from west to Beijing Juma culverts which Montenegro 74 km section of open channel, there are no completely frozen to live? I do not know, but really have no news fifty-six days. Even without freezing in the end, I think it is also close to zero the rate of water flow. Flow rate under normal circumstances, Rubber Duck tells us is 0.1 meters per second. After the water ice, water and drainage, not only the end of a friction, and the ice surface is also friction, the friction surface area doubled. Close to the freezing point of water, viscosity coefficient increased more than twice, four times the combined resistance, coupled with the river will bear icicles, irregular shape extends into the water, and it is greatly increased Manning, at least increased water resistance sixty-seven times, 0.1 m of water per second speed, probably only just over twenty-three centimeters per second.
really not enough water in the South division
have to Darcy Montenegro head, still could not Beijing, there is an important reason, the water in the country has been split along the run out. Summing up all the reports, the South through the various cities, including Pingdingshan, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, have been impatient, reported in the first head arrives, open Outlet, put water into their city waterworks of . Water diversion canal in the water, because the slope is too small, the water slow pace difficult. But put out of the water intake points, what is a few meters gap, rushing Wow flow out, TV news really happy to see that the water flow. The problem is that it only Danjiangkou headworks thyristor fifty cubic meters per second, so pre-empt all the cities along the watershed, flowing Beijing also left the drums? He has said publicly reported diversion 9.5 billion annually, then the country will follow this number to calculate how much water left to their own city, unambiguously, bluntly. Because cities are dry ah!
then they know, the head just rising, Danjiangkou fresh water yet to come, put out all the old dirty water stored for several months? I think the parties are not so stupid, they know that the water quality is not good, not suitable for drinking. But they still have the first time in the watershed, drainage into the water plant. Because this is not polite, you do not turn on the water, turn on the water in other cities, and later found that the water is not enough, you think about drainage, do not let up. The first to turn on the water, causing the fait accompli, fight for their own city a little more water, it is necessary to be so. Moreover, they are aware that the South owed to a large water debt, no matter no water, they had to dig into their pockets. It seems that the country has been in competition for water, this lively frame has started playing.
tune in the end how much water, how much benefit the South play, this is no longer hiding, authorities announced that the actual figures of the time. The water around the South is also difficult to score points. To equitable distribution, you have to know the true diversion numbers. Especially in Beijing, if it continues its mouth diversion qwaqwa 9.5 billion tons per year, you have to eat Yaba Kui, a bucket of water is also less than a minute.砖家咋呼挽救不了南水北调的失败
南
水北调的失败已是即成事实，事实不容争辩，也不容有待时日验证的客套话。上电视对我口诛笔伐的的砖家们试图吧这场辩论变成一场科学辩论，是徒劳而可笑的。
科学辩论是工程上马之前研究论证的事情，因为整个工程尚在设想之中，只能依赖科学实验和科学理论进行假想推算。至于工程完工后，实实在在运行，到底运行效
果，这是一个事实数据，不是科学辩论的问题。我说输水量不到每秒五十立方，远远低于设计指标，你每时每刻有精确的仪器在监控水量。你说我不对，把数据拿出
来，就知道我对不对了，不需要再辩论了，拿出一个数据就可以推翻我的结论。可是在砖家们轮番上电视对我狂轰滥炸口诛笔伐快一个星期了，没有一个砖家拿得出
数据来驳倒我。数据他们手上有，不敢拿出来。事实是站在我的结论这边的，这个很清楚。
央视记者和大黄鸭告诉我们真相
可 笑的是，那几天全国媒体铺天盖地报道央视用一个大黄鸭估算水速，但是没有一篇报道具体根据大黄鸭给出一个水速的估算值。这场大论战至今，也没有人去实地调 查一下水速流量究竟是多少。其实，央视的报道已经把水速流量清清楚楚告诉我们。央视赵中良就报道说，根据南水北调总调中心提供的数据，通水五天，总共放水 2100万立方，算出来是每秒49立方米。如果考虑第一天放水入报道说的是把渠首闸从每秒20立方提高到每秒100立方，一天放疗864万立方，那么剩下 的四天就减少到每秒36立方米的水流量，下游水不通畅，渠首闸不减低放水量，就满出来了。央视的大黄鸭漂流视频，也清楚把官方的水流量测算数据印在屏幕：
央 视报道南水北调中线通水的电视镜头，赫然地显示一个渠中漂浮的大黄鸭，让亿万观众直接见证了大黄鸭漂得有多慢，输水量远远低于设计指标，因此整个工程归于 失败。大黄鸭的漂移速度，比我原先悲观的估计，还要慢几倍。这是正式通水之前，放进汛期之后发洪水浑浊的丹江口水，经过几个月沉淀，让渠底变成了泥浆底， 从而阻滞了水的流动的缘故。这是我早有预料的结果。没有预料到的是实际情况比我预想的还要糟糕得多，而砖家们恼羞成怒的各种反驳理由，也比我预想的要脑残 得多。
几个月的充水试验如何让渠道沉淀泥垢
发 洪水后浑浊丹江口水放进南水北调干渠做充水试验，静止几个月沉淀泥沙，究竟造成了怎样的泥浆沉淀结果呢？砖家说十月底去丹江口水库看过，水很清澈。拜托， 那是汛期已过几个月，在水库沉淀几个月，自然水清得多。但是八月底九月初丹江口洪水一涨起来，你们就放浑水进去做充水试验了。当时报道往平顶山调水，记者 报道看到的水头比较浑浊，是事实。但是我更关心的是，经过几个月充水试验，南水北调的干渠，究竟脏成什么样。北京团城湖在十月底充水试验结束后，把拒马河 南水北调暗渠里的水放掉补充河湖环境，因为那水实在是太脏了，确实不能喝，脏到什么程度我们看看照片就知道了，这是2014年10月27日官方拍的照片：
这 是我见过的最脏的水，比冲厕所还脏得多。北京的朋友们，你们要喝的是从这个肮脏的渠道里流过的水。这是今年年初经过维修冲刷。可是几个月充水试验后又脏成 这样了。古人说流水不腐。不流动的死水，是一定要腐烂的，更别说京城本来就是个容易发霉腐烂的地方。我还是无法解释怎么就几个月的沉淀，水就变成这么脏。 这还是靠水的重力自行流出来，如果用高压水龙冲，出来的积垢还要脏得多。
南水北调水头速度不是水流的速度
参 与对马可安口诛笔伐的官媒记者们玩了一个偷换概念的游戏。他们说大黄鸭的每秒0.1米的速度并不能说明水速。水速超过了每秒一米。你看，渠首一开闸，两天 就到平顶山，然后到郑州，焦作，石家庄，保定。一站站算下来，不是差不多每秒一米吗？这是玩偷换了概念，因为每秒一米是水头到了哪个地方的速度，不是真正 水流的速度。比如说我在池塘一边扔个石子，过两秒波浪就传到池塘另一侧，但是其实水没有过去，只是水的压力波传过去了。水头是什么？就是观察水渠里的水 位，如果开始上升了，就是水头到了，这是压强变化传递，不是渠首流出的水真的到了。渠首放水，导致渠首处水深增加。这个增加的压力一波波往前传，犹如石子 溅起的波浪往前传，压力波传到的地方水位就开始上涨了。但是千万不要以为那是渠首放出来的新鲜水到了。那都是做充水试验屯在渠道里几个月的死水，千万不能 马上放进自来水厂，马上放进去，就跟上面这张照片里的水一样，那能喝吗？郑州，焦作，石家庄等地迫不及待抢喝第一口丹江水的朋友们，你们都上当了，水头刚 上升那放出来还是做充水试验屯了几个月的腐臭死水，要等两个月后这个死水放光，丹江口源头的新鲜水才会到。
其实这是起码的常识，渠道里本来有水，一定要等本来有的水全流光，新鲜的水才会流到。记者们为了蒙蔽视听，故意把水头前进速度曲解为水流的速度。不惜让大家把囤积了几个月的肮脏旧水，误以为是刚刚从渠首放出来的新鲜水。太没有起码的职业道德了。别上他当。
南水北调看来确实被冬天冰冻了
我 注意到，关于南水北调水头行进的最后一个报道，停留在报道12月19日下午水头到达河北保定西黑山分水处，说水面结冰已经十厘米。电视镜头里面冰层以下一 潭死水，不见水流动的丝毫痕迹，可是央视记者照常背书说水流速度每秒一米，并不受结冰影响，水在冰下流。好吧，那么下流就下流吧。可是西黑山分水处到北京 拒马河暗渠入口这段明渠，距离只有74公里，每秒一米，只需12小时就到。怎么已经过了五天了，也没有见到水头到达拒马河暗渠处的后续报道呢？见到的只是 不断地对马可安进行讨伐的连篇累牍的报道。是不是真的是被彻底冰冻，南水北调的水真的到不了北京了呢？仅仅只剩下74公里的路程啊，已经五天了。
从 分水处到天津终点的距离是150公里多。情况看来好得多。天津这段完全修成暗渠，在地下走。地下确实暖和多了，不容易结冰。报道是水头在21日就到达天 津，开始注入自来水厂了。我再次告诫天津朋友，马上注入自来水厂的不是丹江口来的新鲜水，那水还早呢，再过一两个月才到，现在灌进自来水厂的是屯了几个月 的脏水，不卫生，千万不要喝。
水在冬天结冰是自然规律。砖家们举出团城湖这几天晚上最低温度-5°C也没有结冰作为例证。他们是试图推翻 物理定律，证明水的冰点低于-5°C吗？北京这几天最高和最低温度平均起来大概尚未低于冰点，若低于冰点，凭哪点机械搅拌想阻止结冰是徒劳的。连黄河都每 年冰封两三个月呢，别说人工渠道了。大家来看看南水北调干渠结冰是怎样一个样子吧：
从 西黑山到北京拒马河暗渠这段74公里明渠，现在有没有完全冰冻住？我不知道，但是确实五六天都没有消息了。即使没有冰冻到底，我认为水流速度也接近于零 了。正常情况下的水流速度，大黄鸭告诉我们是每秒0.1米。水面结冰以后，水不但和渠底有摩擦阻力，和冰面也有摩擦，摩擦表面积增加一倍。接近冰点的水， 粘滞系数增加到两倍以上，加起来四倍的阻力，再加上河底也会结冰棱，不规则的形状伸进水流中，更是大大增加曼宁糙率，起码增加水的阻力六七倍，每秒0.1 米的水速，大概只剩下每秒两三个多厘米而已。
南水北调的水确实不够分
已 经到达西黑山的水头，却迟迟不能进京，还有一个重要原因，这个水流在沿途各地已经分流殆尽了。综合各方面报道，南水北调经过的各个城市，包括平顶山，郑 州，焦作，石家庄，保定，都已经急不可待，在报道水头到达的第一时间，打开分水口，放水流进自己城市的自来水厂了。南水北调干渠里的水，因为坡降太小，水 流迟缓，步伐艰难。可是分水口放出来的水，一下落差就是几米，哗哗哗往外流，电视新闻看到那水流好不痛快畅通。问题是丹江口渠首闸流出来只有每秒五十立 方，沿途各城市都这样抢先分水，流到北京还能剩几桶？公开报道都是说每年调水95亿，那么各地也就按照这个数计算留给自己城市多少水，毫不含糊，毫不客 气。因为各大城市都很缺水啊！
那么他们知不知道，水头刚刚上升的时候，丹江口新鲜的水还没有到，放出来都是存了几个月的陈旧的脏水？我想 当事人没有那么糊涂，他们知道这水质不怎么样，不宜饮用。可是他们还是得在第一时间分水，放水进自来水厂。因为这个不能客气，你不放水，别的城市先放水 了，后来发现水不够，你再想放水，就不让了。抢先放水，造成即成事实，是为自己城市多争一点水，很有必要，必须这样。况且他们都知道，南水北调欠下的这一 大笔水债，不管用不用水，他们都得掏腰包。如此看来，各地已经在争水，这场热闹的架已经开始打了。
调水量到底多少，南水北调发挥了多少效益，这个是瞒不下去了，是有关部门公布实际数字的时候了。南水北调的水各地很难分也得分。要公平分配，就得知道真实的调水数字。特别是北京，如果继续夸夸其口每年调水95亿吨，就得吃哑巴亏，一桶水也分不到了。
央视记者和大黄鸭告诉我们真相
可 笑的是，那几天全国媒体铺天盖地报道央视用一个大黄鸭估算水速，但是没有一篇报道具体根据大黄鸭给出一个水速的估算值。这场大论战至今，也没有人去实地调 查一下水速流量究竟是多少。其实，央视的报道已经把水速流量清清楚楚告诉我们。央视赵中良就报道说，根据南水北调总调中心提供的数据，通水五天，总共放水 2100万立方，算出来是每秒49立方米。如果考虑第一天放水入报道说的是把渠首闸从每秒20立方提高到每秒100立方，一天放疗864万立方，那么剩下 的四天就减少到每秒36立方米的水流量，下游水不通畅，渠首闸不减低放水量，就满出来了。央视的大黄鸭漂流视频，也清楚把官方的水流量测算数据印在屏幕：
央 视报道南水北调中线通水的电视镜头，赫然地显示一个渠中漂浮的大黄鸭，让亿万观众直接见证了大黄鸭漂得有多慢，输水量远远低于设计指标，因此整个工程归于 失败。大黄鸭的漂移速度，比我原先悲观的估计，还要慢几倍。这是正式通水之前，放进汛期之后发洪水浑浊的丹江口水，经过几个月沉淀，让渠底变成了泥浆底， 从而阻滞了水的流动的缘故。这是我早有预料的结果。没有预料到的是实际情况比我预想的还要糟糕得多，而砖家们恼羞成怒的各种反驳理由，也比我预想的要脑残 得多。
几个月的充水试验如何让渠道沉淀泥垢
发 洪水后浑浊丹江口水放进南水北调干渠做充水试验，静止几个月沉淀泥沙，究竟造成了怎样的泥浆沉淀结果呢？砖家说十月底去丹江口水库看过，水很清澈。拜托， 那是汛期已过几个月，在水库沉淀几个月，自然水清得多。但是八月底九月初丹江口洪水一涨起来，你们就放浑水进去做充水试验了。当时报道往平顶山调水，记者 报道看到的水头比较浑浊，是事实。但是我更关心的是，经过几个月充水试验，南水北调的干渠，究竟脏成什么样。北京团城湖在十月底充水试验结束后，把拒马河 南水北调暗渠里的水放掉补充河湖环境，因为那水实在是太脏了，确实不能喝，脏到什么程度我们看看照片就知道了，这是2014年10月27日官方拍的照片：
这 是我见过的最脏的水，比冲厕所还脏得多。北京的朋友们，你们要喝的是从这个肮脏的渠道里流过的水。这是今年年初经过维修冲刷。可是几个月充水试验后又脏成 这样了。古人说流水不腐。不流动的死水，是一定要腐烂的，更别说京城本来就是个容易发霉腐烂的地方。我还是无法解释怎么就几个月的沉淀，水就变成这么脏。 这还是靠水的重力自行流出来，如果用高压水龙冲，出来的积垢还要脏得多。
南水北调水头速度不是水流的速度
参 与对马可安口诛笔伐的官媒记者们玩了一个偷换概念的游戏。他们说大黄鸭的每秒0.1米的速度并不能说明水速。水速超过了每秒一米。你看，渠首一开闸，两天 就到平顶山，然后到郑州，焦作，石家庄，保定。一站站算下来，不是差不多每秒一米吗？这是玩偷换了概念，因为每秒一米是水头到了哪个地方的速度，不是真正 水流的速度。比如说我在池塘一边扔个石子，过两秒波浪就传到池塘另一侧，但是其实水没有过去，只是水的压力波传过去了。水头是什么？就是观察水渠里的水 位，如果开始上升了，就是水头到了，这是压强变化传递，不是渠首流出的水真的到了。渠首放水，导致渠首处水深增加。这个增加的压力一波波往前传，犹如石子 溅起的波浪往前传，压力波传到的地方水位就开始上涨了。但是千万不要以为那是渠首放出来的新鲜水到了。那都是做充水试验屯在渠道里几个月的死水，千万不能 马上放进自来水厂，马上放进去，就跟上面这张照片里的水一样，那能喝吗？郑州，焦作，石家庄等地迫不及待抢喝第一口丹江水的朋友们，你们都上当了，水头刚 上升那放出来还是做充水试验屯了几个月的腐臭死水，要等两个月后这个死水放光，丹江口源头的新鲜水才会到。
其实这是起码的常识，渠道里本来有水，一定要等本来有的水全流光，新鲜的水才会流到。记者们为了蒙蔽视听，故意把水头前进速度曲解为水流的速度。不惜让大家把囤积了几个月的肮脏旧水，误以为是刚刚从渠首放出来的新鲜水。太没有起码的职业道德了。别上他当。
南水北调看来确实被冬天冰冻了
我 注意到，关于南水北调水头行进的最后一个报道，停留在报道12月19日下午水头到达河北保定西黑山分水处，说水面结冰已经十厘米。电视镜头里面冰层以下一 潭死水，不见水流动的丝毫痕迹，可是央视记者照常背书说水流速度每秒一米，并不受结冰影响，水在冰下流。好吧，那么下流就下流吧。可是西黑山分水处到北京 拒马河暗渠入口这段明渠，距离只有74公里，每秒一米，只需12小时就到。怎么已经过了五天了，也没有见到水头到达拒马河暗渠处的后续报道呢？见到的只是 不断地对马可安进行讨伐的连篇累牍的报道。是不是真的是被彻底冰冻，南水北调的水真的到不了北京了呢？仅仅只剩下74公里的路程啊，已经五天了。
从 分水处到天津终点的距离是150公里多。情况看来好得多。天津这段完全修成暗渠，在地下走。地下确实暖和多了，不容易结冰。报道是水头在21日就到达天 津，开始注入自来水厂了。我再次告诫天津朋友，马上注入自来水厂的不是丹江口来的新鲜水，那水还早呢，再过一两个月才到，现在灌进自来水厂的是屯了几个月 的脏水，不卫生，千万不要喝。
水在冬天结冰是自然规律。砖家们举出团城湖这几天晚上最低温度-5°C也没有结冰作为例证。他们是试图推翻 物理定律，证明水的冰点低于-5°C吗？北京这几天最高和最低温度平均起来大概尚未低于冰点，若低于冰点，凭哪点机械搅拌想阻止结冰是徒劳的。连黄河都每 年冰封两三个月呢，别说人工渠道了。大家来看看南水北调干渠结冰是怎样一个样子吧：
从 西黑山到北京拒马河暗渠这段74公里明渠，现在有没有完全冰冻住？我不知道，但是确实五六天都没有消息了。即使没有冰冻到底，我认为水流速度也接近于零 了。正常情况下的水流速度，大黄鸭告诉我们是每秒0.1米。水面结冰以后，水不但和渠底有摩擦阻力，和冰面也有摩擦，摩擦表面积增加一倍。接近冰点的水， 粘滞系数增加到两倍以上，加起来四倍的阻力，再加上河底也会结冰棱，不规则的形状伸进水流中，更是大大增加曼宁糙率，起码增加水的阻力六七倍，每秒0.1 米的水速，大概只剩下每秒两三个多厘米而已。
南水北调的水确实不够分
已 经到达西黑山的水头，却迟迟不能进京，还有一个重要原因，这个水流在沿途各地已经分流殆尽了。综合各方面报道，南水北调经过的各个城市，包括平顶山，郑 州，焦作，石家庄，保定，都已经急不可待，在报道水头到达的第一时间，打开分水口，放水流进自己城市的自来水厂了。南水北调干渠里的水，因为坡降太小，水 流迟缓，步伐艰难。可是分水口放出来的水，一下落差就是几米，哗哗哗往外流，电视新闻看到那水流好不痛快畅通。问题是丹江口渠首闸流出来只有每秒五十立 方，沿途各城市都这样抢先分水，流到北京还能剩几桶？公开报道都是说每年调水95亿，那么各地也就按照这个数计算留给自己城市多少水，毫不含糊，毫不客 气。因为各大城市都很缺水啊！
那么他们知不知道，水头刚刚上升的时候，丹江口新鲜的水还没有到，放出来都是存了几个月的陈旧的脏水？我想 当事人没有那么糊涂，他们知道这水质不怎么样，不宜饮用。可是他们还是得在第一时间分水，放水进自来水厂。因为这个不能客气，你不放水，别的城市先放水 了，后来发现水不够，你再想放水，就不让了。抢先放水，造成即成事实，是为自己城市多争一点水，很有必要，必须这样。况且他们都知道，南水北调欠下的这一 大笔水债，不管用不用水，他们都得掏腰包。如此看来，各地已经在争水，这场热闹的架已经开始打了。
调水量到底多少，南水北调发挥了多少效益，这个是瞒不下去了，是有关部门公布实际数字的时候了。南水北调的水各地很难分也得分。要公平分配，就得知道真实的调水数字。特别是北京，如果继续夸夸其口每年调水95亿吨，就得吃哑巴亏，一桶水也分不到了。
他们承认干渠结冰长度已经蔓延到一百公里长。|| 小海: || 马可安: 今天仍然没有关于南水北调任何后续报道，自12月19日报道水头到了保定西黑山分水口，水面有十厘米冰层，到今天六天了，74公里路就是到不了拒马河暗渠。 看看#南水北调#会不会结冰吧： http://url.cn/T8ti6Q
Mark Ann
today still do not have any follow-up reports on the South, since December 19 reported that the head of Montenegro to the west Baoding Outlet, ten centimeters of ice water, and today six days, the 74 km road is not to the barricades River culverts. # # Look at the South will not freeze it: http://url.cn/T8ti6Q ||
today still do not have any follow-up reports on the South, since December 19 reported that the head of Montenegro to the west Baoding Outlet, ten centimeters of ice water, and today six days, the 74 km road is not to the barricades River culverts. # # Look at the South will not freeze it: http://url.cn/T8ti6Q ||
今天20141225仍然没有关于南水北调任何后续报道，自12月19日报道水头到了保定西黑山分水口，水面有十厘米冰层，到今天六天了，74公里路就是到不了拒马河暗渠。 看看#南水北调#会不会结冰吧： http://url.cn/T8ti6Q || 马可安: 笔误，西黑山到拒马河74公里，按每秒1米，21小时应该到。现在五六天了每消息。
见插图
10月底北拒马河放脏水 || 竹叶青: 预览不到。|| 马可安: 见 http://url.cn/eW4myD || 马可安: 不那么简单，地下管道截面积难以做大，受管径限制，输水量不够，并且泥沙沉积后，更难处理，最后变成臭水沟。现在北京的地下输水管，一样因为水速过低，肮脏腐臭不堪。马可安
见 http://url.cn/eW4myD || 马可安: 不那么简单，地下管道截面积难以做大，受管径限制，输水量不够，并且泥沙沉积后，更难处理，最后变成臭水沟。现在北京的地下输水管，一样因为水速过低，肮脏腐臭不堪。|| @黄普磊: 当初如果地埋管道输水，结冰问题不仅能解决，还大大减少工程对沿线环境破坏影响
官方：结冰不影响南水北调输水 可用电加热解冻http://news.qq.com/a/20141224/004742.htm各地新闻新京报
[微博]
2014-12-24 03:43According to the Central Broadcasting Network, according to Voice of China "National Network News" reported yesterday afternoon the Middle Route Project Administration official responses such as freezing during winter diversion questioned. The official said, the middle section of the frozen canal indeed, has more than 100 km length, but this does not affect the normal water.
The responsible person, glacial water projects for appropriate safeguards. The first one is by scheduling through the gate to a certain height will hold water freezes to form ice as soon as possible, after the formation of ice in the ice below the water can flow over some ice can not form a canal section does not freeze, in order to ensure engineering safety, set up some ice lock bar before some engineering structures, others to be ready to open the gate, where the gate slot once frozen electric heating can start at any time to ensure the gate.
and questioned for slow flow of water transfer can not be completed, the official said, the water flow rate is controlled by the flow rate to determine the quantity of water to each segment based on drainage water supply, according to the quantity of water is determined after The flow rate of the channel is scheduled to die, and now some points along the outlet not useful, now only Beijing started, and now it is about 10 flow, the flow rate if to say, then it is very small.
canal sediment accumulation for the project will destroy the argument, the official said, this situation will not arise. "Water elevation is 140 meters, while the dam siltation elevation to be much lower than ours, so the reservoir (Danjiangkou Reservoir) sediment does not enter into the canal, the other along the main canal of the river are three dimensional, sediment also will not come in. "据央广网 据中国之声《全国新闻联播》报道，昨天下午南水北调中线干线工程建设管理局相关负责人回应寒冬期间调水结冰等质疑。该负责人表示，中线干渠确实有结冰的断面，长度已经超过100公里，但是这并不影响正常输水。
该
负责人称，对于冰期输水工程有相应的保障措施。第一个是通过调度，通过闸将水位憋到一定高度尽快结冰形成冰盖，形成冰盖以后在冰盖下边可以过流输水，一些
不能形成冰盖的渠段不能结冰，为了保证工程安全，在一些工程建筑物前设置一些拦冰锁，另外一些闸要随时开启，闸门槽的地方一旦冻了用电加热就能保证闸门随
时启动。
而对于流速慢无法完成调水量的质疑，该负责人表示，水的流速是受到流量控制的，根据供水量确定了各个渠段的输水量，输水量确定以后根据渠道这个流速就定死了，现在沿线有些分水口还没有用，现在只有北京开始用了，现在也就10个流量左右，如果要说流速的话那就是很小了。
对于干渠泥沙堆积会破坏工程的说法，该负责人表示，这种情况根本不会出现。“取水高程是140米，而大坝淤积高程比我们要低的多，所以水库（丹江口水库）泥沙不会进入到干渠内，另外沿线的总干渠的河流都是立体交叉的，泥沙也不会进来。”
相关阅读： 南水北调
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李剑芒
@pd2012
撰文：南水北调彻底地失败了。很多人震惊，我已经不感到震惊了。自从2009年以来的五年里，中国无效投资一共42万亿！据马可安分析南水北调要5千亿，
但和42万亿比，还不到1%！五年干了100多个无效的南水北调，你震惊啥？中国发展模式之所以高速，就是这种巨型项目给大爷们瓜分钱创造了巨大的机会12月21日 08:35 全部转播和评论(1327)
真相在此： http://url.cn/WTXXEl
@温军: 1/25000的纵坡，坡度太缓了，加上北方温度低，一定会结冰。结冰对渠道的破坏是比较的严重，会冻胀混凝土面板的。
# 25 years ago today # December 12, 1989, nearly 10,007 one thousand political prisoners in the GDR was commuted, and can be released from prison. The amnesty marks subject to criminal justice GDR ideology dead. October 27, 1989, has already tried to flee to West Germany's "The Republic refugees" conducted an amnesty.德国驻华大使馆
#25年前的今天# 1989年12月12日， 将近1万7千名民主德国的政治犯被减刑，并可以出狱。这次大赦标志着服从于民主德国意识形态的刑法司法寿终正寝。1989年10月27日，已经对试图逃往联邦德国的“共和国难民”进行过一次大赦。
Game Linquan
trend of China's official website lists some of the major customers, including the Central Committee, the Ministry of Railways, the National Weather Service, Capital Spiritual Civilization Office, Shanxi, Suzhou Municipal Government, Beijing Tourism Bureau, Shanxi Tourism Bureau; also includes China Mobile, China Unicom, COFCO, China Central Television and other central enterprises; and the Chinese Red Cross and other government welfare agencies. According to public resume in 1979 and 1995, make long-term plans in the central working group http://url.cn/YY6jrX
trend of China's official website lists some of the major customers, including the Central Committee, the Ministry of Railways, the National Weather Service, Capital Spiritual Civilization Office, Shanxi, Suzhou Municipal Government, Beijing Tourism Bureau, Shanxi Tourism Bureau; also includes China Mobile, China Unicom, COFCO, China Central Television and other central enterprises; and the Chinese Red Cross and other government welfare agencies. According to public resume in 1979 and 1995, make long-term plans in the central working group http://url.cn/YY6jrX
博弈林泉
趋
势中国官网列出了公司的一些主要客户，其中包括团中央、铁道部、国家气象局、首都精神文明办、山西宿州市政府、北京旅游局、山西旅游局等；也包括中移动、
中联通、中粮、中央电视台等央企；还有中国红十字会等政府公益机构。据公开履历1979年到1995年，令计划长期在团中央工作http://url.cn/YY6jrX
Game has been charged Linquan
GS invest 12.2 billion has yet to pay off debt after 43.3 billion http://url.cn/SyGzGk by Guangdong Highway Construction Company and Hopewell cooperation in the construction of Hong Kong, 50-50. Hopewell annual statistics from 2000 to 2014, the GS is only 15 years in which the cumulative toll reached 43.348 billion yuan, 12.2 billion yuan far beyond their initial investment. In addition, the fee will continue to age in 2027, "the most profitable road" can be deserved.
GS invest 12.2 billion has yet to pay off debt after 43.3 billion http://url.cn/SyGzGk by Guangdong Highway Construction Company and Hopewell cooperation in the construction of Hong Kong, 50-50. Hopewell annual statistics from 2000 to 2014, the GS is only 15 years in which the cumulative toll reached 43.348 billion yuan, 12.2 billion yuan far beyond their initial investment. In addition, the fee will continue to age in 2027, "the most profitable road" can be deserved.
博弈林泉
广深高速投资122亿后已收费433亿 债务仍未还清 http://url.cn/SyGzGk 由广东省公路建设公司与香港合和实业合作建设，双方各占50%。合和实业2000~2014的年报统计，广深高速仅在这15年内累计收费就达433.48亿元，远超其初始投资122亿元。此外，其收费年限将持续到2027年，“最赚钱公路”可谓名至实归。
Harmony
off every tax, sticking cent levy was introduced Xianfeng "likin 'policy. At that time people will hate this. There was also the intention of the abolition of likin late Qing Dynasty, but to the demise of the Qing Dynasty, remains the same. Until 1930, the national government was determined to abolish the likin system. I did not expect a few years later, the land of China set up the card again rise numerous layers fee system, highway bridge became the government and interest groups to erode people's cash cow interests.
off every tax, sticking cent levy was introduced Xianfeng "likin 'policy. At that time people will hate this. There was also the intention of the abolition of likin late Qing Dynasty, but to the demise of the Qing Dynasty, remains the same. Until 1930, the national government was determined to abolish the likin system. I did not expect a few years later, the land of China set up the card again rise numerous layers fee system, highway bridge became the government and interest groups to erode people's cash cow interests.
和谐
逢
关收税，遇卡征厘，是咸丰年间推行的“厘捐”政策。当时百姓就对此深恶痛绝。晚清时也曾有裁撤厘金的打算，但至满清灭亡，依然如故。直到1930年，国民
政府才下决心取消了厘金制度。没想到几十年后，中国大地上再次兴起重重设卡，层层收费的制度，公路道桥成为了政府和利益集团蚕食百姓利益的摇钱树。
Wolf
make plans Quotations: "clean work, clear vain man, that's the bottom line ... and acted party cadres to strengthen the party spirit, strict self-discipline, initiative and accept supervision and maintain the spirit of pure and noble pursuit, building. prison ideological defense against corruption, stability is maintained in the face of temptation mind, hands and keep things under control, the integrity is maintained, and make sure the words and deeds as one, they seem consistent, "said the much okay, are still moving in.大灰狼
make plans Quotations: "clean work, clear vain man, that's the bottom line ... and acted party cadres to strengthen the party spirit, strict self-discipline, initiative and accept supervision and maintain the spirit of pure and noble pursuit, building. prison ideological defense against corruption, stability is maintained in the face of temptation mind, hands and keep things under control, the integrity is maintained, and make sure the words and deeds as one, they seem consistent, "said the much okay, are still moving in.大灰狼
令
计划语录：“
干干净净做事、清清白白做人，是党员干部为人处世的底线。…加强党性修养，严格自我约束，主动接受监督，保持高尚纯洁的精神追求，筑牢拒腐防变的思想防
线，在各种诱惑面前稳得住心神、管得住手脚、把得住操守，切实做到言行如一、表里如一、始终如一”说得多好呀，至今还在感动中。
Think we look at the democratic system and our system is much different!
change come true, to pay tribute to the great people!
Wen-Je Ko
thank Taiwan, Thanks for the great friend of the people with a firm will, I believe, "is to bring back the political conscience," believe "open government, public participation, public transparent political philosophy, "believe" people due to the great dream, "I believe that the wisdom of" the people's will transcend individual's wisdom, "believe" democracy is that the people decide, "believe" If you have a choice, you should insist on the positive and progressive direction. " These forces finally believe in Taipei change come true.
dear friend citizens, we start to love and embrace the power and restore the sense of honor of the city. The results of the Taipei mayoral election, highlighting the value of democracy in Taiwan and Taipei residents determined pursuit of progress. At this moment, in terms of Wen-Je Ko, is the end of the election, but it is the beginning of a bear responsibility. I will be more cautious humility, hard work, under the supervision of the people, to achieve political commitment.
me first take this opportunity to pay tribute to six other running mate: Thank Chen Rubin, Zhao Yanqing, 李宏信 and Mr. Chen Yongchang four efforts, we witnessed history; thank Mr. straight text on my advice, let I was able to find the missing, to improve learning; and more especially want to thank Mr. Feng Guangyuan, not only honorable attitude to participate in the elections, and put forward many practical politics. Six running mate for municipal planning blueprint, Wen-Je Ko will adopt an open mind, while "six Vision" My commitment to the public, thirty, "Ke P Deal," "Convention Against transparent" and "open government, public participation "The idea, will be brought into the concrete practice of the Taipei City Government.
dear friend citizens, grateful for you. When I left the National Taiwan University Hospital, alone, into this election, support my belief is: "If you really wanted to accomplish one thing, all of them will work together to help you." Taipei really bring change into force, from the common people, and local residents and citizens.
I come from the common people, coming into the Taipei City Government will continue to listen to the voice of the common people; to show the strength of the villagers witnessed strong network generation, whether online donations, ideas spread, raising activities, this is a Network-led campaign. From military to Sunflower Student Movement in white citizens of Taiwan's new political movement created to come. The rise of civil society is not a negation of politics, but rather to open up opportunities for citizen participation. Political parties and politicians must be more humble face of civil society, which would be a positive development in Taiwan politics.
ideological walls coming down, this is a people are the masters of the era. Future of the Taipei City Government will not only set up a "citizen participation committee" will provide an open and transparent to the public municipal information. I want to once again promise to the city of my colleagues, I do not have any in the civil service and political parties, only wholeheartedly serve the citizens of Taipei.
Also, I want to thank the Democratic Progressive Party's humility, so that the "opposition Grand Alliance" can be achieved. I also want to especially thank my campaign team: 姚立明 General, the Secretary-General Li Ying-yuan, head of discipline Lands, many senior political anonymity quietly pay, as well as through the audition involved in this campaign for young people. Your efforts to create a miracle in 2014 in Taipei.
dear friend citizens, this is a love you and I together in the name of tolerance, reconciliation standard move, insisted the campaign justice. Thanks for the support of my friends, did not vote to thank my friends, because your voice, I like to hear. No one needs to feel lost the election results, One city one family, after the election, Taipei residents are one family, every citizen is a spur progressive forces Wen-Je Ko, this great city will continue to move forward. Tonight with peace and joy in the mood to go home and go to sleep when the sun rises tomorrow, start working. Thank you.
Wen-Je Ko (August 6, 1959 -), born in Taiwan Hsinchu, surgeons, serving at the National Taiwan University Hospital emergency department, the incumbent National Taiwan University Hospital Trauma Medical Director. Is also a professor at National Taiwan University School of Medicine, specialties include trauma, surgical critical care medicine, first aid, organ transplantation, extracorporeal membrane (ECMO), artificial organs. Its career. Wen-Je Ko for the establishment of Taiwan organ transplant program standards, but also the first to introduce a physician leaves gram of membrane technology in Taiwan. November 29, 2014, elected as new mayor of Taipei.
change come true, to pay tribute to the great people!
Wen-Je Ko
thank Taiwan, Thanks for the great friend of the people with a firm will, I believe, "is to bring back the political conscience," believe "open government, public participation, public transparent political philosophy, "believe" people due to the great dream, "I believe that the wisdom of" the people's will transcend individual's wisdom, "believe" democracy is that the people decide, "believe" If you have a choice, you should insist on the positive and progressive direction. " These forces finally believe in Taipei change come true.
dear friend citizens, we start to love and embrace the power and restore the sense of honor of the city. The results of the Taipei mayoral election, highlighting the value of democracy in Taiwan and Taipei residents determined pursuit of progress. At this moment, in terms of Wen-Je Ko, is the end of the election, but it is the beginning of a bear responsibility. I will be more cautious humility, hard work, under the supervision of the people, to achieve political commitment.
me first take this opportunity to pay tribute to six other running mate: Thank Chen Rubin, Zhao Yanqing, 李宏信 and Mr. Chen Yongchang four efforts, we witnessed history; thank Mr. straight text on my advice, let I was able to find the missing, to improve learning; and more especially want to thank Mr. Feng Guangyuan, not only honorable attitude to participate in the elections, and put forward many practical politics. Six running mate for municipal planning blueprint, Wen-Je Ko will adopt an open mind, while "six Vision" My commitment to the public, thirty, "Ke P Deal," "Convention Against transparent" and "open government, public participation "The idea, will be brought into the concrete practice of the Taipei City Government.
dear friend citizens, grateful for you. When I left the National Taiwan University Hospital, alone, into this election, support my belief is: "If you really wanted to accomplish one thing, all of them will work together to help you." Taipei really bring change into force, from the common people, and local residents and citizens.
I come from the common people, coming into the Taipei City Government will continue to listen to the voice of the common people; to show the strength of the villagers witnessed strong network generation, whether online donations, ideas spread, raising activities, this is a Network-led campaign. From military to Sunflower Student Movement in white citizens of Taiwan's new political movement created to come. The rise of civil society is not a negation of politics, but rather to open up opportunities for citizen participation. Political parties and politicians must be more humble face of civil society, which would be a positive development in Taiwan politics.
ideological walls coming down, this is a people are the masters of the era. Future of the Taipei City Government will not only set up a "citizen participation committee" will provide an open and transparent to the public municipal information. I want to once again promise to the city of my colleagues, I do not have any in the civil service and political parties, only wholeheartedly serve the citizens of Taipei.
Also, I want to thank the Democratic Progressive Party's humility, so that the "opposition Grand Alliance" can be achieved. I also want to especially thank my campaign team: 姚立明 General, the Secretary-General Li Ying-yuan, head of discipline Lands, many senior political anonymity quietly pay, as well as through the audition involved in this campaign for young people. Your efforts to create a miracle in 2014 in Taipei.
dear friend citizens, this is a love you and I together in the name of tolerance, reconciliation standard move, insisted the campaign justice. Thanks for the support of my friends, did not vote to thank my friends, because your voice, I like to hear. No one needs to feel lost the election results, One city one family, after the election, Taipei residents are one family, every citizen is a spur progressive forces Wen-Je Ko, this great city will continue to move forward. Tonight with peace and joy in the mood to go home and go to sleep when the sun rises tomorrow, start working. Thank you.
Wen-Je Ko (August 6, 1959 -), born in Taiwan Hsinchu, surgeons, serving at the National Taiwan University Hospital emergency department, the incumbent National Taiwan University Hospital Trauma Medical Director. Is also a professor at National Taiwan University School of Medicine, specialties include trauma, surgical critical care medicine, first aid, organ transplantation, extracorporeal membrane (ECMO), artificial organs. Its career. Wen-Je Ko for the establishment of Taiwan organ transplant program standards, but also the first to introduce a physician leaves gram of membrane technology in Taiwan. November 29, 2014, elected as new mayor of Taipei.
大家看看仔细想想，民主制度与我们的制度有多大的不同！
改变成真，向伟大的市民致敬！
柯文哲
感谢台湾、感谢伟大的市民朋友以坚定的意志，相信「政治就是找回良心」，相信「开放政府、全民参与、公开透明的政治理念」，相信「人因有梦想而伟大」，相信「众人之智慧会超越个人之智慧」，相信「民主就是人民作主」，也相信「如果有选择，应该坚持正面和进步的方向」。这些相信的力量终于让台北市改变成真。
亲爱的市民朋友，我们启动了爱和拥抱的力量，恢复了这座城市的光荣感。这次台北市长选举的结果，彰显了台湾民主的价值和台北市民追求进步的决心。此时此刻，对柯文哲而言，是选举的结束，但是是一个承担责任的开始。我会更加谨慎谦卑、艰苦奋斗，在市民的监督之下，实现政见的承诺。
我先在此向其他六位竞选伙伴致意：感谢陈汝斌、赵衍庆、李宏信及陈永昌四位先生的努力，我们共同见证了历史；感谢连胜文先生对我的指教，让我得以发现缺失、
学习改进；更要特别感谢冯光远先生，不但以光明磊落的态度参与选举，而且提出许多务实的政见。六位竞选伙伴对于市政蓝图的规划，柯文哲都将虚心采纳，同 时，我向市民承诺的「六大愿景」、三十项「柯P新政」、「透明廉政公约」以及「开放政府、全民参与」的理念，都将带进台北市政府具体实践。
亲爱的市民朋友，感谢有您。我离开台大医院，独自一人投入这场选举时，支撑我的信念是：「如果有心要完成一件事情，所有的人都会一起来帮你」。造就台北改变成真的力量，来自于庶民、乡民和公民。
我来自庶民，未来进入台北市政府会继续倾听庶民的声音；乡民力量的展现见证了网络世代的强大，无论是在线捐款、理念传播、活动募集，这都是一场网络主导的选战。从白衫军到太阳花学运，公民运动造就了台湾新政治的来临。公民社会的崛起不是否定政治，而是开拓公民参与的契机。政党与政治人物必须更谦卑面对公民社会，这也会是台湾政治的正面发展。
意识型态的高墙就要倒下，这是一个人民当家作主的时代。未来的台北市政府不但将成立「公民参与委员会」，也会提供给市民公开透明的市政信息。我要再度向市府同仁承诺，在我任内公务员不必服务政治与政党，只需要全心全力服务台北市民。
另外，我要感谢民主进步党的谦让，让「在野大联盟」可以实现。我也要特别感谢我的竞选团队：姚立明总干事、李应元秘书长、纪政总团长，许许多多隐姓埋名默默付出的政治前辈，以及透过海选参与了这场选战的年轻朋友。你们的努力，创造了2014年的台北奇迹。
亲爱的市民朋友，这是一场你与我共同以爱为名、标举和解宽容、坚持公平正义的竞选。感
谢支持我的朋友们，也感谢没有投票给我的朋友们，因为你们的声音，我一样听到了。没有人需要为选举的结果感到失落，One city
one family，选举过后，台北市民都是一家人，每一位市民都是鞭策柯文哲进步的力量，这座伟大的城市会继续前进。今晚请带着平安喜乐的心情回家好好睡一
觉，明天太阳升起的时候，开始工作。谢谢大家。
柯 文哲（1959年8月6日－），出生于台湾新竹市，外科医师，服务于国立台湾大学附设医院急诊部，现任台大医院创伤医学部主任。亦是台大医学院教授，专长
包括外伤、外科重症医学、急救、器官移植 、叶克膜（ECMO）、人工器官等。因其职业。柯文哲为台湾器官标准移植程序的建立者，也是首位将叶克膜技术引进台湾的医师。2014年11月29日，当
选新一任台北市长。
Boat did not cross
[threat] is that they exist simply been foolish enough gold three intimidation, threats of Americans, and even cyber attacks, it is far from dead rhythm, which has been proved by centuries of history. . Played "assassinate Kim Jong-un," where Kim Jong-un actor Randall Park recently relaxed family birthday party at a friend, when asked about the Korean movie released frankly replied angrily and threats: threats that they exist at all.舟未横
[threat] is that they exist simply been foolish enough gold three intimidation, threats of Americans, and even cyber attacks, it is far from dead rhythm, which has been proved by centuries of history. . Played "assassinate Kim Jong-un," where Kim Jong-un actor Randall Park recently relaxed family birthday party at a friend, when asked about the Korean movie released frankly replied angrily and threats: threats that they exist at all.舟未横
【威
胁就是他们存在的根本】金三已经蠢到恐吓、威胁美国人，甚至网络攻击，这是离死不远的节奏，这已被百年来的历史所证明。饰演《刺杀金正恩》里金正恩的男主
角兰德尔.朴日前一家人悠闲的参加朋友生日派对，在被问及朝鲜对电影上映的气急败坏和威胁时坦然答道：威胁就是他们存在的根本。
A grand old man of
fanluoli521 too! China a county public security bureau office has exceeded the United Nations building. US imperialism quick surrender!
fanluoli521 too! China a county public security bureau office has exceeded the United Nations building. US imperialism quick surrender!
一叟 fanluoli521 太雄伟了！中国一个县级公安局的办公楼已经超过联合国大厦了。美帝国主义快投降吧！
Crotch
spoils all the country's resources by the communist bureaucracy controlled by the method of inequality heavy taxes and prices, will transform into a state-owned assets of the people, and then divided. If a community has a higher freedom, they must be seen through. In order to protect the interests of their opposition to any form of freedom. To understand why the gag, delete posts, uphold the leadership of it? Thus there is no future, their spiritual traditions are corrupt, replaced by a struggle for power. Is the truth?
spoils all the country's resources by the communist bureaucracy controlled by the method of inequality heavy taxes and prices, will transform into a state-owned assets of the people, and then divided. If a community has a higher freedom, they must be seen through. In order to protect the interests of their opposition to any form of freedom. To understand why the gag, delete posts, uphold the leadership of it? Thus there is no future, their spiritual traditions are corrupt, replaced by a struggle for power. Is the truth?
分赃裤裆
国
家的一切资源都由共产官僚掌控，通过重税和价格等不平等方法，将人民的资产转变成国有，然后瓜分。如果一个社会有较高的自由，他们必然被识破。为了保护利
益，他们反对任何形式的自由。明白为什么要禁言、删帖、坚持领导了吗？这样是没有未来的，他们的精神传统被腐败、争权夺利所取代。是实话吗？
Blue sky and white clouds
"broadcast his speech again, we may be able to learn about the way of our future! ": This article is Javier 1990 New Year's Message Dear fellow citizens: 40 years ... # long microblogging #http: //url.cn/W7QTJa白云蓝天
"broadcast his speech again, we may be able to learn about the way of our future! ": This article is Javier 1990 New Year's Message Dear fellow citizens: 40 years ... # long microblogging #http: //url.cn/W7QTJa白云蓝天
《再次转播他的演说，大家或许能够从中了解我们将来的路！》：本文系哈维尔1990年新年献辞 亲爱的同胞们： 40年来... #长微博#http://url.cn/W7QTJa
再次转播他的演说，大家或许能够从中了解我们将来的路！
本文系哈维尔1990年新年献辞
亲爱的同胞们：
40年来每逢今天，你们都从我的前任那里听到同一个主题的不同变化：有关我们的国家多么繁荣，我们生产了多少百万吨的钢，我们现在是多么幸福，我们如何信任我们的政府，以及我们面临的前途多么辉煌灿烂。
我
相信你们让我担当此职，并不是要我将这样的谎言向你们重复。我们的国家并不繁荣。我们民族巨大的创造力和精神潜能并没有得到有效的发挥。整个工业部门生产
着人们不感兴趣的东西，而我们所需要的东西却十分匮乏。一个自称属于劳动人民的国家，却贬损和剥削劳动者。我们陈腐的经济制度正在浪费我们可能有的一点能
源。一个曾经以其公民的教育水准高而自豪的国家现在却因教育投资过少而降到了世界的第72位。我们污染了祖先馈赠给我们的土地、河流、森林，其破坏的程度在欧洲是最为严重的。我们国家成年人的死亡比大多数别的欧洲国家都来得更早。
请
允许我提供一点个人的观察。最近我去布拉迪斯拉发，在飞机上我抽点时间从窗口往外看。我看见斯洛伐那夫化工联合企业和紧挨着它的巨大的柏特索加住宅区。这
幅情景足以令我明白，数十年内我们国家的领导人从来没有也不打算从他们乘坐的飞机窗口往外看一眼。缘此，甚至并不需要统计数据，我也能更快更深地明白我们
已经陷入一个怎样的境地。但是所有这些还不是主要的问题。最糟的是我们生活在一个道德上被污染的环境之中。我们都是道德上的病人，因为我们习惯于口是心
非。我们学会了不去相信任何东西，学会了互相否定及仅仅关注自己。这样一些概念如爱、友谊、怜悯、谦卑或宽恕失去了它们的深度和尺度，对许多人来说，我们
仅仅代表了心理学意义上的怪癖，或相当于来自古代的早已过时的祝辞，在电脑和太空时代显得非常滑稽。我们当中很少有人大声喊出，有权者并不是无所不能的；
并且那些生产没有污染和高质量食品的特殊农场，应将其产品送到学校、有孩子的家庭和医院，如果我们的农业不能向所有的人提供这些东西的话。我们的前政权，
以其狂妄自大和偏狭的意识形态，将人缩减成一种生产力和相当于一个生产工具。这样做极大地伤害了他们的本来面貌和他们的互相关系。它将那些有才华和有自主
性的人们，在自己的土地上熟练地工作的人们，驱逐至某些巨大畸型、嘈杂、有刺鼻臭味的机器旁边，沦为其齿轮和螺丝钉。这无疑是慢慢地但却无情地磨损这个政
权本身和其全部齿轮和螺丝钉。
当
我谈及我们被污染的道德氛围时，我并不仅仅涉及那些吃不受污染的蔬菜和不从窗户外看一眼的人士。我说的是我们全体。我们都变得习惯于极权主义制度，将其作
为一个不可更改的事实来加以接受，因而帮助了它，令其永存。换句话来说，我们所有的人——当然是在不同程度上——得为这个极权主义机器的运行承担责任；我
们当中没有人仅仅是牺牲品，我们也都是它的共谋者。
我为什么说这些？如果把前40年
留下来的不幸遗产理解为与我们自己毫不相干的某件东西，那是非常不明智的，相反，我们必须承认这项遗产是我们对自己所犯下的一桩罪过。如果我们接受这样的
解释，那么我们就能明白该由我们每一个人来为此做点什么。我们不能将每件事都归咎于前统治者，不仅是因为这样做不真实，而且也会削弱今天我们每个人所要面
对的责任，即主动地、自由地、理性地、迅速地采取行动。让我们不要受此蒙蔽：即使是世界上最好的政府、国会和总统，都不可能单靠他们的力量获得成功。同样
不能指望仅仅是这些人能挽救天下。自由和民主包含参与，因而是所有人的责任。ト绻我们意识到这一点，那么，所有由新的捷克斯洛伐克社会所继承的可怕事物便
显得不那么可怕。因此，希望也会回到我们的心里。
我们已经作出了可观的调整，具备了一定的基础。最近一个时期——尤其是过去6周
的和平革命——已经表明，在我们迫于环境不得不带上的冷漠面具背后，存在着巨大的、富有人性和道德力量的精神潜能和公民水准。每当有人武断地声称我们将会
这样或那样时，我总是提出社会是一个十分微妙的存在，仅仅相信出现在你面前的东西是远远不够的。我很高兴我这话并没有说错。的确，这些逆来顺受的、饱受羞
辱的、怀疑主义的和近乎犬马主义的捷克斯洛伐克公民找到了那种巨大的力量，在数周之内，以文明和平的方式，摆脱了自己身上的极权主义枷锁，令世人瞩目和称
奇。我们也不妨反问自己：从来没有在另外一种制度下生活过的青年人，是从什么地方开始对真实的追求、对自由思想的热爱、拥有政治上的理想和公民的勇气及眼
光呢？他们的父母——被认为是迷失的一代——是如何和他们的孩子走到一起的呢？怎么会有那么多人在不需要任何建议或指示的情况下，立刻领略到去做什么呢？
我想我们目前的处境中富有希望的这一面有两个主要原因：首先，人决不仅仅是这个实际世界的产物，而是能够将自身与某种更高的东西联系起来，尽管这个实际世界试图一步步扼杀人们的这种能力；第二，我们民族的人道主义和民主的传统(人们常常空洞地谈论它们)，仍然沉睡在人们意识深处；难以察觉地从上一代传至下一代，这使得我们每个人能及时地发现它们并将之转变为行动。
然而，我们也不得不为今天的自由付出代价。许多人于50年
代死于狱中，不少人遭枪决；上千上百的人们的生活遭到破坏，大量有才华的人被迫离开了这个国家。那些在第二次世界大战中献身于民族荣誉的人，那些反抗极权
主义的统治惨遭迫害的人，那些仅仅想保持自己本来面貌和自由地思想却蒙受不幸的人们，我们应当记取它们，记取它们以这样那样的方式为今天的自己所付出的代
价。自主的法庭应当不受干扰地审查对种种迫害负有责任的人，使我们的过去真相大白。
我
们也应牢记其他的民族为其目前的自由付出的甚至是更昂贵的代价，其实也是间接地为我们所付出的。在匈牙利、波兰、东德曾血流成河，不久前在罗马尼亚又发生
了这种可怕的情况。同样，苏联境内的各民族也曾抛洒热血，这些都不能忘记。首先每一个人类成员的受苦和其他人类成员相关联；更重要的是，这些巨大的牺牲构
成了今天的自由的悲剧背景，也带来了苏联阵营内部各民族的逐步解放。它们也构成了我们自己新建立的自由的背景：没有苏联、波兰、匈牙利和东德的变化，我们
国家的情况也不会像这样。抑或即使改变，也不会拥有如此一个和平的进程。
我
们有有利的国际环境，这是事实，但并不是说在最近几周之内有人直接给我们提供援助。几百年来，捷克和斯洛伐克民族始终依靠自己，而不是依赖强国和强权的援
助。在我看来，这构成了我们目前巨大的宝贵财富。其中包括了这样的希望，今后我们可以免于因受人恩惠带来的麻烦。现在依靠我们自身这个希望能否实现，我们
公民的、民族的、政治上的自信能否以一个新的历史姿态复苏，全看我们的努力了。
自
信并不是自负。恰恰相反，只有真正自信的人或民族，才能倾听别人，平等地接受他人，宽恕其敌人和为自己的罪过感到悔恨。让我们把这种自信带进我们的共同的
社会生活之中，带到我们的国际舞台上的行为方式之中。只有这样我们才能恢复自尊，恢复对于他人的尊敬和对其他民族的尊敬。
我们的国家将永远不再成为一个附属国或与其他国家关系恶化。的确，我们必须从别国那里接受和学习许多东西，但这必须是平等互助的那种关系。我们第一任总统写道：“要耶稣，不要凯撒。”这是继承了我们的哲学家赫尔斯基(Chelcicky)和科明纽斯(Comenius)的传统。我说我们现在正有一个机会将这个思想发扬光大，并将其作为一个新的因素引进至欧洲和全球政治之中。如果这是我们所需要的话，我们国家正可以持久地令仁爱、理解、精神及理想力量得以焕发。这正是我们对国际政治所能作出的特殊的贡献。
马
萨里克将政治建立道德的基础之上。让我们努力在一个崭新的时代和以一种崭新的方式重新恢复这个政治概念。让我们教导自己和教导别人，政治是人们表达为社会
谋福利的要求，而不是对社会的欺骗或劫掠。让我们教导自己和教导别人，政治不仅仅是一门模棱两可的艺术，它更可能是一门坚持原则的艺术，一门改进世界和我
们自身的艺术。
我
们是一个小国家，但曾经是欧洲精神文化重镇。为什么我们不可以再恢复到从前？如果我们还需要别人的帮助，这难道不是最好的回报吗？那些从前危害我们的人
——不往飞机的窗户外张望一眼和吃特殊供应的人们——也许仍在周围并制造污染，但他们不再是我们的主要敌人。那些国际上的危害力量也不是我们的主要敌人。
今天我们的主要敌人是我们自己的恶习：漠视公德、空虚、个人野心、自私和互相倾轧。主要的斗争将不得不在这个领域中进行。举行自由选举和自由竞选活动。让
我们不要使得这项活动给我们和平革命的洁净面貌抹黑。不要因为我们变得纠缠于权力纷争而马上失去刚刚赢得的国际社会的同情。不要再在服务于社会的虚假名义
下行个人私利之实。其实，现在是哪个党派、团体赢得选举不是最重要的，最重要的是将我们当中在道德、公民意识、政治专业方面最优秀的人推举出来，而不论他
们的政治背景。我们国家未来的政策和威望取决于我们选出什么样的人来和稍候选择的代议机构。
……
总之，我希望自己是一名少空谈多做实事的人。不仅要从我乘坐的飞机窗户上朝外看，而且首先并且更重要的是经常出现在你们当中并耐心地倾听你们的声音。
人
们也许会询问我所梦想的共和国到底是什么面貌。请允许我回答：我梦想的是一个独立、自信、民主、拥有繁荣的经济和社会公正的共和国，简言之，是服务于个人
并因此希望个人也来为其服务的富有人性的共和国。在这个共和国内，人们都受过完整的、良好的教育。要想解决人为的、经济的、环境的或政治方面的任何问题，
一定要有具有优秀素质的人。
我的最杰出的前任马萨里克以伟大的捷克教育家科明纽斯的一句话来作为他第一次讲演的开头。请允许我借用这句话并辅之以我自己的语言来结束我的第一次演讲：人民，你们的政府还给你们了！
1990年1月
Broadcast his speech again, we may be able to learn about our future road! This article Javier
1990 New Year's Message
Dear fellow citizens:
40 years, every day that you have heard from my predecessor, the same theme different variations: how about the prosperity of our country, we have produced a number of millions of tons of steel, how happy we are, how we trust our government how brilliant and splendid future we face.
I believe you let me play this position, I would not want you to repeat this lie. Our state does not prosper. Our nation great creativity and spiritual potential and did not function effectively. Production of the entire industrial sector is not what people are interested in, and what we need is very scarce. Working people claiming to belong to a country, but derogatory and exploitation of workers. Our economic system is trite that we may have a little wasted energy. A standard of education for its citizens who are proud of the high country now because of too little investment in education and dropped the first 72 of the world. We pollute the ancestors gift to our land, rivers, forests, the extent of damage is most severe in Europe. Death in our country than most other adults European countries come earlier.
please allow me to offer a few personal observations. Recently I went to Bratislava, on the plane, I take some time to look out the window. I saw that Slovakia Fu Chemical joint venture and its next great Burt Mississauga neighborhood. Painting scene is enough to make me understand that the leaders of our country for decades never not going to take the plane from their glance out the window. Edge of this, the statistics do not even need to, I can understand that we have faster and deeper into a kind of situation. But all this is not the main problem. The worst is that we live in a contaminated moral environment. We are patient moral duplicity because we are accustomed to. We learned not to believe anything, learn from each other and only concerned with their own negation. Some concepts such as love, friendship, compassion, humility or forgiveness lost their depth and dimension, for many people, we represent only psychological quirks sense, or the equivalent of outdated congratulatory speech from the ancient, in computers and the space age it is very funny. Few of us shout, who are not entitled to the all-powerful; and those that produce no pollution and high-quality food and special farm products should be sent to school, families with children and hospitals, if we Agriculture can not provide these things to all people say. Our previous regime, with its arrogant and intolerant ideology, the people reduced to a productive and is equivalent to a production tool. This greatly hurt their original appearance and their mutual relationship. It those talented people and have autonomy, people on their own land to work skillfully, deported to some great deformity, noisy, a pungent smell next to the machine, reduced its gears and screws. This is undoubtedly slowly but inexorably wear the regime itself and all of its gears and screws. When I speak of what we
contaminated moral atmosphere, I do not only involve those who eat vegetables from contamination and do not look at people from outside the window. I'm talking about all of us. We have become accustomed to a totalitarian regime will not change as a fact to be accepted, thus helping it to make it last forever. In other words, all of us - of course, in varying degrees - have to bear for the operation of the totalitarian machinery of responsibility; none of us is just a victim, and we are its conspirators.
Why do I say this? If the first 40 years of unfortunate legacy left to be understood as nothing to do with our own something, it is very unwise, on the contrary, we must admit that this heritage is our own committed a sin. If we accept this explanation, then we can understand that by each of us to do something about it. We can not blame everything before the ruler, not only because it is untrue, but also undermine the responsibility of each of us today have to face, namely actively and freely, rationally, act quickly. Let's not fooled by this: Even the world's best government, Congress and the president, can not rely solely on the strength of their success. The same can not expect these people just to save the world. Freedom and democracy include participation and therefore the responsibility of all. Suites quan we realize this, then all the new Czechoslovak society inherited a terrible thing it is not so terrible. Therefore, I hope will return to our hearts.
We have made substantial adjustments, with a certain foundation. In recent times - especially in the last six weeks of the peaceful revolution - has shown that behind the mask in the cold we had to take a forced environment, there is a huge, humane and moral strength of spirit and civic potential level. Whenever someone arbitrarily claim that we will one way or another, I always put the community is a very subtle presence, just believe in what appears in front of you is not enough. I'm glad I was not wrong words. Indeed, these submissive, suffering humiliation, skepticism and near pleasures Czechoslovakia citizen found the tremendous power that, in a few weeks, peaceful civilized manner, to get rid of his body totalitarian yoke , surprised the world and amazing. We also wish to ask yourself: never in the other lived under a regime of young people, is where to begin pursuit of truth, love of freedom of thought, ideals and citizens have political courage and vision of it? Their parents - is considered to be a lost generation - how and their children come together it? How so many people without the need for any advice or instructions, the immediate taste of what to do it?
I think we are full of hope that the situation in this side there are two main reasons: First, people must not only the product of the real world, but rather the ability to link itself with something higher up, even though the real world trying to stifle people step by step this ability; second, the humanitarian tradition of our nation and democracy (people often empty talk about them), are still sleeping in the depths of people's consciousness; it is difficult to detect from the transmitted to the next generation, which makes each of us can find them in a timely manner and it translated into action.
However, we also have to pay for today's freedom. Many people died in prison in the 1950s, many people were shot; hundreds of thousands of people's lives have been destroyed, a large number of talented people forced to leave the country. Those dedicated to the nation in World War II in honor of people, those who resist totalitarian rule brutally persecuted, those who just want to keep their original appearance and free thought, but unfortunately people suffer, we should remember them, remember them in such a way as to pay for the cost of their own today. Independent review of the court should undisturbed persecutions person responsible, so that the truth of our past.
we should also bear in mind that even the more expensive cost of other peoples freedom for current pay, in fact, is indirectly we have to pay. In Hungary, Poland, East Germany had been bloody, recently took place in Romania this terrible situation. Similarly, the various ethnic groups within the territory of the Soviet Union have shed blood, they can not forget. First, every member of the human suffering and other human members of the association; more importantly, these huge sacrifices constitute the tragedy of today's liberal background, it also brings the gradual emancipation of all ethnic groups inside the Soviet bloc. They also constitute a new build our own freedom Background: No change of the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary and East Germany, the situation in our country will not like this. Or even if you change, it will not have such a peace process.
we have a favorable international environment, it is true, but it does not mean that someone within the last few weeks to provide us with direct assistance. For centuries, the Czech and Slovak peoples always rely on their own rather than relying on power and power assistance. In my opinion, this constitutes our current huge treasure. Including the hope that in the future we may be exempt from the trouble caused due to human grace. Now rely on our own ability to achieve this hope, our citizens, ethnic, political confidence whether a new historical attitude to recovery, it all depends on our hard work.
confident not conceited. On the contrary, only really confident person or nation to listen to others, and equal access to others, forgive their enemies and feel remorse for their sins. Let's put this into confidence among our common social life, to the way we conduct among international arena. Only then can we restore the self-esteem, to restore respect for others and respect for other peoples.
our country will never again become a subsidiary of the country or the deterioration of relations with other countries. Indeed, we must accept and learn many things from which other countries, but this must be the kind of relationship of equality and mutual assistance. Our first president, wrote: "To Jesus, not Caesar." This is the inheritance of our philosopher Hull Chomsky (Chelcicky) and Comyn Vilnius (Comenius) tradition. I say we now have an opportunity to carry forward this idea, and introduced as a new factor to the European and global politics being. If this is what we need, in our country are able to make a lasting love, understanding, spiritual and ideal strength to glow. This is what we can make special international political contributions.
Masaryk establish political and moral foundation. Let us work in a new era and a brand new way to regain the political concept. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, is that people express political demands for social benefit rather than social deception or looting. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, politics is not just an art of ambiguity, it is more likely to adhere to the principle of an art, an improvement in the world and our own art.
We are a small country, but it was the spiritual and cultural center of Europe. Why can not we be restored to the past? If we need the help of others, is not that the best return it? Those who harm our past - not to the aircraft outside the window and looked at the supply of people eat special - perhaps still around and create pollution, but they are no longer our main enemy. Those endanger international force is not our main enemy. Today our main enemy is our own vices: ignore morality, emptiness, personal ambition, selfishness and mutual strife. The main fight will have to be carried out in this area. Free elections and freedom of the campaign. Let's not make this event gives us a clean look discredit peaceful revolution. Because we do not become entangled in disputes and immediately lost power just won the sympathy of the international community. Do not be in the service of the society in the name of false real downside of personal gain. In fact, now is which political parties, organizations win elections is not the most important, the most important thing is to us in moral, civic, professional and political aspects of the best people elected them, regardless of their political background. Our country's future policies and prestige depend on what kind of people we elect to wait selection and representative bodies.
......
In short, I want to be a few people who talk and do more practical things. On not only from my plane looking out the window, but the first and more important is often among you and patiently listen to your voice.
1990 New Year's Message
Dear fellow citizens:
40 years, every day that you have heard from my predecessor, the same theme different variations: how about the prosperity of our country, we have produced a number of millions of tons of steel, how happy we are, how we trust our government how brilliant and splendid future we face.
I believe you let me play this position, I would not want you to repeat this lie. Our state does not prosper. Our nation great creativity and spiritual potential and did not function effectively. Production of the entire industrial sector is not what people are interested in, and what we need is very scarce. Working people claiming to belong to a country, but derogatory and exploitation of workers. Our economic system is trite that we may have a little wasted energy. A standard of education for its citizens who are proud of the high country now because of too little investment in education and dropped the first 72 of the world. We pollute the ancestors gift to our land, rivers, forests, the extent of damage is most severe in Europe. Death in our country than most other adults European countries come earlier.
please allow me to offer a few personal observations. Recently I went to Bratislava, on the plane, I take some time to look out the window. I saw that Slovakia Fu Chemical joint venture and its next great Burt Mississauga neighborhood. Painting scene is enough to make me understand that the leaders of our country for decades never not going to take the plane from their glance out the window. Edge of this, the statistics do not even need to, I can understand that we have faster and deeper into a kind of situation. But all this is not the main problem. The worst is that we live in a contaminated moral environment. We are patient moral duplicity because we are accustomed to. We learned not to believe anything, learn from each other and only concerned with their own negation. Some concepts such as love, friendship, compassion, humility or forgiveness lost their depth and dimension, for many people, we represent only psychological quirks sense, or the equivalent of outdated congratulatory speech from the ancient, in computers and the space age it is very funny. Few of us shout, who are not entitled to the all-powerful; and those that produce no pollution and high-quality food and special farm products should be sent to school, families with children and hospitals, if we Agriculture can not provide these things to all people say. Our previous regime, with its arrogant and intolerant ideology, the people reduced to a productive and is equivalent to a production tool. This greatly hurt their original appearance and their mutual relationship. It those talented people and have autonomy, people on their own land to work skillfully, deported to some great deformity, noisy, a pungent smell next to the machine, reduced its gears and screws. This is undoubtedly slowly but inexorably wear the regime itself and all of its gears and screws. When I speak of what we
contaminated moral atmosphere, I do not only involve those who eat vegetables from contamination and do not look at people from outside the window. I'm talking about all of us. We have become accustomed to a totalitarian regime will not change as a fact to be accepted, thus helping it to make it last forever. In other words, all of us - of course, in varying degrees - have to bear for the operation of the totalitarian machinery of responsibility; none of us is just a victim, and we are its conspirators.
Why do I say this? If the first 40 years of unfortunate legacy left to be understood as nothing to do with our own something, it is very unwise, on the contrary, we must admit that this heritage is our own committed a sin. If we accept this explanation, then we can understand that by each of us to do something about it. We can not blame everything before the ruler, not only because it is untrue, but also undermine the responsibility of each of us today have to face, namely actively and freely, rationally, act quickly. Let's not fooled by this: Even the world's best government, Congress and the president, can not rely solely on the strength of their success. The same can not expect these people just to save the world. Freedom and democracy include participation and therefore the responsibility of all. Suites quan we realize this, then all the new Czechoslovak society inherited a terrible thing it is not so terrible. Therefore, I hope will return to our hearts.
We have made substantial adjustments, with a certain foundation. In recent times - especially in the last six weeks of the peaceful revolution - has shown that behind the mask in the cold we had to take a forced environment, there is a huge, humane and moral strength of spirit and civic potential level. Whenever someone arbitrarily claim that we will one way or another, I always put the community is a very subtle presence, just believe in what appears in front of you is not enough. I'm glad I was not wrong words. Indeed, these submissive, suffering humiliation, skepticism and near pleasures Czechoslovakia citizen found the tremendous power that, in a few weeks, peaceful civilized manner, to get rid of his body totalitarian yoke , surprised the world and amazing. We also wish to ask yourself: never in the other lived under a regime of young people, is where to begin pursuit of truth, love of freedom of thought, ideals and citizens have political courage and vision of it? Their parents - is considered to be a lost generation - how and their children come together it? How so many people without the need for any advice or instructions, the immediate taste of what to do it?
I think we are full of hope that the situation in this side there are two main reasons: First, people must not only the product of the real world, but rather the ability to link itself with something higher up, even though the real world trying to stifle people step by step this ability; second, the humanitarian tradition of our nation and democracy (people often empty talk about them), are still sleeping in the depths of people's consciousness; it is difficult to detect from the transmitted to the next generation, which makes each of us can find them in a timely manner and it translated into action.
However, we also have to pay for today's freedom. Many people died in prison in the 1950s, many people were shot; hundreds of thousands of people's lives have been destroyed, a large number of talented people forced to leave the country. Those dedicated to the nation in World War II in honor of people, those who resist totalitarian rule brutally persecuted, those who just want to keep their original appearance and free thought, but unfortunately people suffer, we should remember them, remember them in such a way as to pay for the cost of their own today. Independent review of the court should undisturbed persecutions person responsible, so that the truth of our past.
we should also bear in mind that even the more expensive cost of other peoples freedom for current pay, in fact, is indirectly we have to pay. In Hungary, Poland, East Germany had been bloody, recently took place in Romania this terrible situation. Similarly, the various ethnic groups within the territory of the Soviet Union have shed blood, they can not forget. First, every member of the human suffering and other human members of the association; more importantly, these huge sacrifices constitute the tragedy of today's liberal background, it also brings the gradual emancipation of all ethnic groups inside the Soviet bloc. They also constitute a new build our own freedom Background: No change of the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary and East Germany, the situation in our country will not like this. Or even if you change, it will not have such a peace process.
we have a favorable international environment, it is true, but it does not mean that someone within the last few weeks to provide us with direct assistance. For centuries, the Czech and Slovak peoples always rely on their own rather than relying on power and power assistance. In my opinion, this constitutes our current huge treasure. Including the hope that in the future we may be exempt from the trouble caused due to human grace. Now rely on our own ability to achieve this hope, our citizens, ethnic, political confidence whether a new historical attitude to recovery, it all depends on our hard work.
confident not conceited. On the contrary, only really confident person or nation to listen to others, and equal access to others, forgive their enemies and feel remorse for their sins. Let's put this into confidence among our common social life, to the way we conduct among international arena. Only then can we restore the self-esteem, to restore respect for others and respect for other peoples.
our country will never again become a subsidiary of the country or the deterioration of relations with other countries. Indeed, we must accept and learn many things from which other countries, but this must be the kind of relationship of equality and mutual assistance. Our first president, wrote: "To Jesus, not Caesar." This is the inheritance of our philosopher Hull Chomsky (Chelcicky) and Comyn Vilnius (Comenius) tradition. I say we now have an opportunity to carry forward this idea, and introduced as a new factor to the European and global politics being. If this is what we need, in our country are able to make a lasting love, understanding, spiritual and ideal strength to glow. This is what we can make special international political contributions.
Masaryk establish political and moral foundation. Let us work in a new era and a brand new way to regain the political concept. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, is that people express political demands for social benefit rather than social deception or looting. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, politics is not just an art of ambiguity, it is more likely to adhere to the principle of an art, an improvement in the world and our own art.
We are a small country, but it was the spiritual and cultural center of Europe. Why can not we be restored to the past? If we need the help of others, is not that the best return it? Those who harm our past - not to the aircraft outside the window and looked at the supply of people eat special - perhaps still around and create pollution, but they are no longer our main enemy. Those endanger international force is not our main enemy. Today our main enemy is our own vices: ignore morality, emptiness, personal ambition, selfishness and mutual strife. The main fight will have to be carried out in this area. Free elections and freedom of the campaign. Let's not make this event gives us a clean look discredit peaceful revolution. Because we do not become entangled in disputes and immediately lost power just won the sympathy of the international community. Do not be in the service of the society in the name of false real downside of personal gain. In fact, now is which political parties, organizations win elections is not the most important, the most important thing is to us in moral, civic, professional and political aspects of the best people elected them, regardless of their political background. Our country's future policies and prestige depend on what kind of people we elect to wait selection and representative bodies.
......
In short, I want to be a few people who talk and do more practical things. On not only from my plane looking out the window, but the first and more important is often among you and patiently listen to your voice.
This article Javier
1990 New Year's Message Dear fellow citizens:
40 years, every day that you hear different variations of the same theme from where my predecessor: about us What a prosperous country, how much we produce millions of tons of steel, how happy we are, how we trust our government how brilliant and splendid future we face.
I believe you let me play this position, I would not want you to repeat this lie. Our state does not prosper. Our nation great creativity and spiritual potential and did not function effectively. Production of the entire industrial sector is not what people are interested in, and what we need is very scarce. Working people claiming to belong to a country, but derogatory and exploitation of workers. Our economic system is trite that we may have a little wasted energy. A standard of education for its citizens who are proud of the high country now because of too little investment in education and dropped the first 72 of the world. We pollute the ancestors gift to our land, rivers, forests, the extent of damage is most severe in Europe. Death in our country than most other adults European countries come earlier.
please allow me to offer a few personal observations. Recently I went to Bratislava, on the plane, I take some time to look out the window. I saw that Slovakia Fu Chemical joint venture and its next great Burt Mississauga neighborhood. Painting scene is enough to make me understand that the leaders of our country for decades never not going to take the plane from their glance out the window. Edge of this, the statistics do not even need to, I can understand that we have faster and deeper into a kind of situation. But all this is not the main problem. The worst is that we live in a contaminated moral environment. We are patient moral duplicity because we are accustomed to. We learned not to believe anything, learn from each other and only concerned with their own negation. Some concepts such as love, friendship, compassion, humility or forgiveness lost their depth and dimension, for many people, we represent only psychological quirks sense, or the equivalent of outdated congratulatory speech from the ancient, in computers and the space age it is very funny. Few of us shout, who are not entitled to the all-powerful; and those that produce no pollution and high-quality food and special farm products should be sent to school, families with children and hospitals, if we Agriculture can not provide these things to all people say. Our previous regime, with its arrogant and intolerant ideology, the people reduced to a productive and is equivalent to a production tool. This greatly hurt their original appearance and their mutual relationship. It those talented people and have autonomy, people on their own land to work skillfully, deported to some great deformity, noisy, a pungent smell next to the machine, reduced its gears and screws. This is undoubtedly slowly but inexorably wear the regime itself and all of its gears and screws. When I speak of what we
contaminated moral atmosphere, I do not only involve those who eat vegetables from contamination and do not look at people from outside the window. I'm talking about all of us. We have become accustomed to a totalitarian regime will not change as a fact to be accepted, thus helping it to make it last forever. In other words, all of us - of course, in varying degrees - have to bear for the operation of the totalitarian machinery of responsibility; none of us is just a victim, and we are its conspirators.
Why do I say this? If the first 40 years of unfortunate legacy left to be understood as nothing to do with our own something, it is very unwise, on the contrary, we must admit that this heritage is our own committed a sin. If we accept this explanation, then we can understand that by each of us to do something about it. We can not blame everything before the ruler, not only because it is untrue, but also undermine the responsibility of each of us today have to face, namely actively and freely, rationally, act quickly. Let's not fooled by this: Even the world's best government, Congress and the president, can not rely solely on the strength of their success. The same can not expect these people just to save the world. Freedom and democracy include participation and therefore the responsibility of all. Suites quan we realize this, then all the new Czechoslovak society inherited a terrible thing it is not so terrible. Therefore, I hope will return to our hearts.
We have made substantial adjustments, with a certain foundation. In recent times - especially in the last six weeks of the peaceful revolution - has shown that behind the mask in the cold we had to take a forced environment, there is a huge, humane and moral strength of spirit and civic potential level. Whenever someone arbitrarily claim that we will one way or another, I always put the community is a very subtle presence, just believe in what appears in front of you is not enough. I'm glad I was not wrong words. Indeed, these submissive, suffering humiliation, skepticism and near pleasures Czechoslovakia citizen found the tremendous power that, in a few weeks, peaceful civilized manner, to get rid of his body totalitarian yoke , surprised the world and amazing. We also wish to ask yourself: never in the other lived under a regime of young people, is where to begin pursuit of truth, love of freedom of thought, ideals and citizens have political courage and vision of it? Their parents - is considered to be a lost generation - how and their children come together it? How so many people without the need for any advice or instructions, the immediate taste of what to do it?
I think we are full of hope that the situation in this side there are two main reasons: First, people must not only the product of the real world, but rather the ability to link itself with something higher up, even though the real world trying to stifle people step by step this ability; second, the humanitarian tradition of our nation and democracy (people often empty talk about them), are still sleeping in the depths of people's consciousness; it is difficult to detect from the transmitted to the next generation, which makes each of us can find them in a timely manner and it translated into action.
However, we also have to pay for today's freedom. Many people died in prison in the 1950s, many people were shot; hundreds of thousands of people's lives have been destroyed, a large number of talented people forced to leave the country. Those dedicated to the nation in World War II in honor of people, those who resist totalitarian rule brutally persecuted, those who just want to keep their original appearance and free thought, but unfortunately people suffer, we should remember them, remember them in such a way as to pay for the cost of their own today. Independent review of the court should undisturbed persecutions person responsible, so that the truth of our past.
we should also bear in mind that even the more expensive cost of other peoples freedom for current pay, in fact, is indirectly we have to pay. In Hungary, Poland, East Germany had been bloody, recently took place in Romania this terrible situation. Similarly, the various ethnic groups within the territory of the Soviet Union have shed blood, they can not forget. First, every member of the human suffering and other human members of the association; more importantly, these huge sacrifices constitute the tragedy of today's liberal background, it also brings the gradual emancipation of all ethnic groups inside the Soviet bloc. They also constitute a new build our own freedom Background: No change of the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary and East Germany, the situation in our country will not like this. Or even if you change, it will not have such a peace process.
we have a favorable international environment, it is true, but it does not mean that someone within the last few weeks to provide us with direct assistance. For centuries, the Czech and Slovak peoples always rely on their own rather than relying on power and power assistance. In my opinion, this constitutes our current huge treasure. Including the hope that in the future we may be exempt from the trouble caused due to human grace. Now rely on our own ability to achieve this hope, our citizens, ethnic, political confidence whether a new historical attitude to recovery, it all depends on our hard work.
confident not conceited. On the contrary, only really confident person or nation to listen to others, and equal access to others, forgive their enemies and feel remorse for their sins. Let's put this into confidence among our common social life, to the way we conduct among international arena. Only then can we restore the self-esteem, to restore respect for others and respect for other peoples.
our country will never again become a subsidiary of the country or the deterioration of relations with other countries. Indeed, we must accept and learn many things from which other countries, but this must be the kind of relationship of equality and mutual assistance. Our first president, wrote: "To Jesus, not Caesar." This is the inheritance of our philosopher Hull Chomsky (Chelcicky) and Comyn Vilnius (Comenius) tradition. I say we now have an opportunity to carry forward this idea, and introduced as a new factor to the European and global politics being. If this is what we need, in our country are able to make a lasting love, understanding, spiritual and ideal strength to glow. This is what we can make special international political contributions.
Masaryk establish political and moral foundation. Let us work in a new era and a brand new way to regain the political concept. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, is that people express political demands for social benefit rather than social deception or looting. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, politics is not just an art of ambiguity, it is more likely to adhere to the principle of an art, an improvement in the world and our own art.
We are a small country, but it was the spiritual and cultural center of Europe. Why can not we be restored to the past? If we need the help of others, is not that the best return it? Those who harm our past - not to the aircraft outside the window and looked at the supply of people eat special - perhaps still around and create pollution, but they are no longer our main enemy. Those endanger international force is not our main enemy. Today our main enemy is our own vices: ignore morality, emptiness, personal ambition, selfishness and mutual strife. The main fight will have to be carried out in this area. Free elections and freedom of the campaign. Let's not make this event gives us a clean look discredit peaceful revolution. Because we do not become entangled in disputes and immediately lost power just won the sympathy of the international community. Do not be in the service of the society in the name of false real downside of personal gain. In fact, now is which political parties, organizations win elections is not the most important, the most important thing is to us in moral, civic, professional and political aspects of the best people elected them, regardless of their political background. Our country's future policies and prestige depend on what kind of people we elect to wait selection and representative bodies.
......
In short, I want to be a few people who talk and do more practical things. On not only from my plane looking out the window, but the first and more important is often among you and patiently listen to your voice.
One might ask what I dreamed republic in the end is what the face. Please allow me to answer: I dream of an independent, confident, democratic, has a thriving economy and social justice in the Republic, in short, is to serve individuals and therefore want their services to individuals humane republic. In this republic, people are trained in the full, a good education. To solve the human, economic, environmental or political aspects of any problems, there must be people who have outstanding qualities.
My most illustrious predecessor Masaryk with great Czech educator Comyn Vilnius as the beginning of a word to his first lecture. Please allow me to borrow the phrase and complemented my own language to the end of my first speech:
1990 New Year's Message Dear fellow citizens:
40 years, every day that you hear different variations of the same theme from where my predecessor: about us What a prosperous country, how much we produce millions of tons of steel, how happy we are, how we trust our government how brilliant and splendid future we face.
I believe you let me play this position, I would not want you to repeat this lie. Our state does not prosper. Our nation great creativity and spiritual potential and did not function effectively. Production of the entire industrial sector is not what people are interested in, and what we need is very scarce. Working people claiming to belong to a country, but derogatory and exploitation of workers. Our economic system is trite that we may have a little wasted energy. A standard of education for its citizens who are proud of the high country now because of too little investment in education and dropped the first 72 of the world. We pollute the ancestors gift to our land, rivers, forests, the extent of damage is most severe in Europe. Death in our country than most other adults European countries come earlier.
please allow me to offer a few personal observations. Recently I went to Bratislava, on the plane, I take some time to look out the window. I saw that Slovakia Fu Chemical joint venture and its next great Burt Mississauga neighborhood. Painting scene is enough to make me understand that the leaders of our country for decades never not going to take the plane from their glance out the window. Edge of this, the statistics do not even need to, I can understand that we have faster and deeper into a kind of situation. But all this is not the main problem. The worst is that we live in a contaminated moral environment. We are patient moral duplicity because we are accustomed to. We learned not to believe anything, learn from each other and only concerned with their own negation. Some concepts such as love, friendship, compassion, humility or forgiveness lost their depth and dimension, for many people, we represent only psychological quirks sense, or the equivalent of outdated congratulatory speech from the ancient, in computers and the space age it is very funny. Few of us shout, who are not entitled to the all-powerful; and those that produce no pollution and high-quality food and special farm products should be sent to school, families with children and hospitals, if we Agriculture can not provide these things to all people say. Our previous regime, with its arrogant and intolerant ideology, the people reduced to a productive and is equivalent to a production tool. This greatly hurt their original appearance and their mutual relationship. It those talented people and have autonomy, people on their own land to work skillfully, deported to some great deformity, noisy, a pungent smell next to the machine, reduced its gears and screws. This is undoubtedly slowly but inexorably wear the regime itself and all of its gears and screws. When I speak of what we
contaminated moral atmosphere, I do not only involve those who eat vegetables from contamination and do not look at people from outside the window. I'm talking about all of us. We have become accustomed to a totalitarian regime will not change as a fact to be accepted, thus helping it to make it last forever. In other words, all of us - of course, in varying degrees - have to bear for the operation of the totalitarian machinery of responsibility; none of us is just a victim, and we are its conspirators.
Why do I say this? If the first 40 years of unfortunate legacy left to be understood as nothing to do with our own something, it is very unwise, on the contrary, we must admit that this heritage is our own committed a sin. If we accept this explanation, then we can understand that by each of us to do something about it. We can not blame everything before the ruler, not only because it is untrue, but also undermine the responsibility of each of us today have to face, namely actively and freely, rationally, act quickly. Let's not fooled by this: Even the world's best government, Congress and the president, can not rely solely on the strength of their success. The same can not expect these people just to save the world. Freedom and democracy include participation and therefore the responsibility of all. Suites quan we realize this, then all the new Czechoslovak society inherited a terrible thing it is not so terrible. Therefore, I hope will return to our hearts.
We have made substantial adjustments, with a certain foundation. In recent times - especially in the last six weeks of the peaceful revolution - has shown that behind the mask in the cold we had to take a forced environment, there is a huge, humane and moral strength of spirit and civic potential level. Whenever someone arbitrarily claim that we will one way or another, I always put the community is a very subtle presence, just believe in what appears in front of you is not enough. I'm glad I was not wrong words. Indeed, these submissive, suffering humiliation, skepticism and near pleasures Czechoslovakia citizen found the tremendous power that, in a few weeks, peaceful civilized manner, to get rid of his body totalitarian yoke , surprised the world and amazing. We also wish to ask yourself: never in the other lived under a regime of young people, is where to begin pursuit of truth, love of freedom of thought, ideals and citizens have political courage and vision of it? Their parents - is considered to be a lost generation - how and their children come together it? How so many people without the need for any advice or instructions, the immediate taste of what to do it?
I think we are full of hope that the situation in this side there are two main reasons: First, people must not only the product of the real world, but rather the ability to link itself with something higher up, even though the real world trying to stifle people step by step this ability; second, the humanitarian tradition of our nation and democracy (people often empty talk about them), are still sleeping in the depths of people's consciousness; it is difficult to detect from the transmitted to the next generation, which makes each of us can find them in a timely manner and it translated into action.
However, we also have to pay for today's freedom. Many people died in prison in the 1950s, many people were shot; hundreds of thousands of people's lives have been destroyed, a large number of talented people forced to leave the country. Those dedicated to the nation in World War II in honor of people, those who resist totalitarian rule brutally persecuted, those who just want to keep their original appearance and free thought, but unfortunately people suffer, we should remember them, remember them in such a way as to pay for the cost of their own today. Independent review of the court should undisturbed persecutions person responsible, so that the truth of our past.
we should also bear in mind that even the more expensive cost of other peoples freedom for current pay, in fact, is indirectly we have to pay. In Hungary, Poland, East Germany had been bloody, recently took place in Romania this terrible situation. Similarly, the various ethnic groups within the territory of the Soviet Union have shed blood, they can not forget. First, every member of the human suffering and other human members of the association; more importantly, these huge sacrifices constitute the tragedy of today's liberal background, it also brings the gradual emancipation of all ethnic groups inside the Soviet bloc. They also constitute a new build our own freedom Background: No change of the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary and East Germany, the situation in our country will not like this. Or even if you change, it will not have such a peace process.
we have a favorable international environment, it is true, but it does not mean that someone within the last few weeks to provide us with direct assistance. For centuries, the Czech and Slovak peoples always rely on their own rather than relying on power and power assistance. In my opinion, this constitutes our current huge treasure. Including the hope that in the future we may be exempt from the trouble caused due to human grace. Now rely on our own ability to achieve this hope, our citizens, ethnic, political confidence whether a new historical attitude to recovery, it all depends on our hard work.
confident not conceited. On the contrary, only really confident person or nation to listen to others, and equal access to others, forgive their enemies and feel remorse for their sins. Let's put this into confidence among our common social life, to the way we conduct among international arena. Only then can we restore the self-esteem, to restore respect for others and respect for other peoples.
our country will never again become a subsidiary of the country or the deterioration of relations with other countries. Indeed, we must accept and learn many things from which other countries, but this must be the kind of relationship of equality and mutual assistance. Our first president, wrote: "To Jesus, not Caesar." This is the inheritance of our philosopher Hull Chomsky (Chelcicky) and Comyn Vilnius (Comenius) tradition. I say we now have an opportunity to carry forward this idea, and introduced as a new factor to the European and global politics being. If this is what we need, in our country are able to make a lasting love, understanding, spiritual and ideal strength to glow. This is what we can make special international political contributions.
Masaryk establish political and moral foundation. Let us work in a new era and a brand new way to regain the political concept. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, is that people express political demands for social benefit rather than social deception or looting. Let us teach ourselves and teach others, politics is not just an art of ambiguity, it is more likely to adhere to the principle of an art, an improvement in the world and our own art.
We are a small country, but it was the spiritual and cultural center of Europe. Why can not we be restored to the past? If we need the help of others, is not that the best return it? Those who harm our past - not to the aircraft outside the window and looked at the supply of people eat special - perhaps still around and create pollution, but they are no longer our main enemy. Those endanger international force is not our main enemy. Today our main enemy is our own vices: ignore morality, emptiness, personal ambition, selfishness and mutual strife. The main fight will have to be carried out in this area. Free elections and freedom of the campaign. Let's not make this event gives us a clean look discredit peaceful revolution. Because we do not become entangled in disputes and immediately lost power just won the sympathy of the international community. Do not be in the service of the society in the name of false real downside of personal gain. In fact, now is which political parties, organizations win elections is not the most important, the most important thing is to us in moral, civic, professional and political aspects of the best people elected them, regardless of their political background. Our country's future policies and prestige depend on what kind of people we elect to wait selection and representative bodies.
......
In short, I want to be a few people who talk and do more practical things. On not only from my plane looking out the window, but the first and more important is often among you and patiently listen to your voice.
One might ask what I dreamed republic in the end is what the face. Please allow me to answer: I dream of an independent, confident, democratic, has a thriving economy and social justice in the Republic, in short, is to serve individuals and therefore want their services to individuals humane republic. In this republic, people are trained in the full, a good education. To solve the human, economic, environmental or political aspects of any problems, there must be people who have outstanding qualities.
My most illustrious predecessor Masaryk with great Czech educator Comyn Vilnius as the beginning of a word to his first lecture. Please allow me to borrow the phrase and complemented my own language to the end of my first speech:
Moon breeze -1
Anhui morning news, Gansu Province, a primary school, fifty or sixty students, eighteen washbasin, toilet paper on the toilet did not, actually wipe with stones Ding, Li called on the Prime Minister to help point the newspaper it! I was watching the news || # # "China will aid countries such as Myanmar and Vietnam 3 billion" will provide aid underdeveloped countries of ASEAN to support national poverty reduction Indochina. http://url.cn/UgZFsC, related topics http://url.cn/Sz9tuk
Anhui morning news, Gansu Province, a primary school, fifty or sixty students, eighteen washbasin, toilet paper on the toilet did not, actually wipe with stones Ding, Li called on the Prime Minister to help point the newspaper it! I was watching the news || # # "China will aid countries such as Myanmar and Vietnam 3 billion" will provide aid underdeveloped countries of ASEAN to support national poverty reduction Indochina. http://url.cn/UgZFsC, related topics http://url.cn/Sz9tuk
明月清风-1
安徽早新闻，甘肃省一小学，五六十个学生，十八个脸盆，上厕所没手纸，竟用石头揩腚，呼吁李总理给援助点报纸吧！ || #我在看新闻# 《中国将无偿援助越缅等国30亿》 将向东盟欠发达国家提供无偿援助，支持中南半岛国家减贫。 http://url.cn/UgZFsC ，相关专题 http://url.cn/Sz9tuk
Li Keqiang: China next year will aid the less developed ASEAN countries 3000000000
李克强：中方明年将援助东盟欠发达国30亿
Li Keqiang: China next year will aid the less developed ASEAN countries 3 billion
attend the Fifth Summit of the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation leaders group photo.
attend the Fifth Summit of the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation leaders group photo.
出席大湄公河次区域经济合作第五次领导人会议的领导人集体合影。
http://news.qq.com/a/20141221/001534.htm
昨
天，国务院总理李克强在曼谷出席大湄公河次区域经济合作第五次领导人会议并发言。李克强就深化中国与泰、缅、柬、老、越五国共同努力，构建深化合作新框架
提出五点建议。李克强指出，中方主张建立次区域跨境电子商务合作平台。中方明年将向东盟欠发达国家提供30亿元人民币无偿援助，主要用于支持中南半岛国家
减贫合作。
李克强在发言中表示，当前，全球经济复苏乏力，亚洲也遇到经济下行压力，但
仍是全球具有增长活力的地区。中国将坚定不移继续走和平发展道路，坚定不移维护地区和平稳定，坚定不移支持东盟一体化进程，始终把东盟作为中国外交的优先
方向。中南半岛五国是中国在东盟近邻中的近邻。中国愿继续秉承亲诚惠容理念，坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴的周边外交方针，同五国一道弘扬睦邻友好传统，促进区
域经济发展和民生改善，深化各领域互利合作，为实现本地区长期繁荣稳定发展做出不懈努力。
李克强表示，中国的发展需要和平稳定的地区环境。中国的发展和地区的发展互为机遇。
与
会各国领导人与有关机构负责人在发言中赞同李克强提出的合作建议，表示在各方共同努力下，次区域互联互通和经济发展水平大幅提高，为亚洲和世界经济增长作
出了重要贡献。各国领导人表示，六国同属亚洲文化，有着共同的发展需求，进一步加强合作符合各国共同利益。各国愿进一步加强陆海交通基础设施和经济走廊建
设、通关便利化、相互投资、能源、环保、防灾减灾等方面合作，促进包容性增长和可持续发展。
>>五点建议
1 深化基础设施领域合作。
中
泰昨天签署铁路合作谅解备忘录，这是双方经过两年努力，达成的重要共识。这将是中南半岛首条现代化标准轨道铁路，必将有力推动中南半岛泛亚铁路网建设。各
方应以建立区域铁路联盟为契机，推动次区域公路、铁路、航运等综合运输体系建设。中方将出资1亿元人民币，用于开展澜沧江－湄公河航道二期整治工程前期工
作，愿与有关国家分享水文信息，加强防灾合作。
2 加强对贸易投资合作的金融支持。
中
方将按市场化、可持续原则，出资10亿美元支持次区域互联互通等重点项目。中国国家开发银行设立的100亿美元中国－东盟基础设施专项贷款，不仅用于支持
基础设施建设，也用于支持企业在当地设厂发展产业。中国向东盟国家提供的优惠贷款，也欢迎次区域国家积极立项申报。正在筹建中的亚洲基础设施投资银行，可
以为次区域互联互通建设及产业合作融资。
3 创新产业合作模式。
中
南半岛国家区位优势明显，自然资源和劳动力丰富，基础设施大项目需要设备、技术和资金支持。中国高铁、电力、电信等装备制造业水平先进，钢铁、水泥等建材
产能富余，建设经验成熟，外汇储备充裕，双方可充分利用地理毗邻的有利条件，兴建跨境经济合作区，在5国特别是新建铁路沿线设立工业、技术和产业园区。中
方主张建立次区域跨境电子商务合作平台，愿主办2015年经济走廊论坛。
4 推进民生与社会事业发展。
中
方将继续对次区域国家发展提供力所能及的支持。近年来，中国利用减贫与区域合作基金，为26个次区域合作项目提供了约1100万美元支持。中方明年将向东
盟欠发达国家提供30亿元人民币无偿援助，主要用于支持中南半岛国家减贫合作。今后3年，中国将为次区域国家提供3000个培训名额，帮助各国培训农业、
卫生等民生领域专业人才，为长远发展增强后劲。
5 提高地区发展的开放联动水平。
地
区各国应加大投入，并鼓励域外发展伙伴积极参与。应继续发挥好亚洲开发银行等国际机构的作用，拓展筹资渠道，促进发展能力的提高。次区域合作也是联动发展
的合作。地区各国应加强自身发展与次区域规划的对接，推进次区域共同体建设。中方愿积极响应泰国倡议，在10+1框架下探讨建立澜沧江－湄公河对话合作机
制，并于明年举行外长会和高官会。
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http://view.inews.qq.com/a/NEW201412130309161L
李克强于12月14日至20日正式访问哈萨克斯坦、塞尔维亚和泰国，并出席一系列国际会议。
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Li Keqiang: ASEAN will provide $ 10 billion preferential loans
李克强：将向东盟提供100亿美元优惠贷款
http://news.qq.com/a/20141114/013730.htm
Li Keqiang: ASEAN will provide $ 10 billion lending
11 May 13, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang attended the 17th China than in Burma - ASEAN (10 + 1) Summit. Xinhua news agency issued Liuzhen She
Naypyidaw November 13, Premier Li Keqiang, 13 am local time in Naypyidaw Myanmar to attend the East Asia Summit, the ninth and delivered a speech. The full text reads as follows:
in the 9th East Asia Summit statement
(2014 年 11 13, within Myanmar Naypyidaw)
People's Republic of China Premier Li Keqiang
Excellency President Thein Sein,
colleagues:
great pleasure to attend the Ninth East Asia Summit, jointly with colleagues peaceful development of East Asian cooperation. Well thank President Thein Sein and the Burmese government made preparations for the meeting and thoughtful arrangements.
East Asia has a long history and a large population of different ethnic, religious and cultural diversity coexist, exchanges and mutual learning, creating a unique East Asian civilization, mankind has made important contributions to the development and progress. From the beginning of the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid rise of East Asia as the world's fastest growing and most dynamic regions. In recent years, the East Asian countries to help each other to overcome the impact of the international financial crisis and maintain regional stability and economic growth, continue to contribute to the development and prosperity of the world.
to the rapid development of East Asia, simply because there is a peaceful and stable regional environment. East Asian countries are the direct beneficiaries of regional peace and stability in the region should become staunch defenders of the parties should properly resolve the dispute through peaceful means, go-lasting friendship, cooperation and win-win road. East Asian economies are highly complementary, great potential for cooperation, you have me, I have you, all parties should further promote regional economic integration, to achieve the integration of development and common prosperity. East Asian countries connected to land and sea, cultural similarities, there is togetherness, mutual help tradition, the parties should rationally mutual interests and concerns in good faith, committed to tolerance and mutual respect, harmony.
present, the international situation is changing in a complex world economic recovery is slow, local conflicts and regional hot spots come and go, terrorism, public health emergencies, such as a common threat to the international community. We should cherish the hard-earned good situation in East Asia, a good grasp of the political security and economic development, "two wheels turn together" principle, promote regional peace and stability, and actively respond to global challenges, and deepen cooperation in areas such as economic and social, for the construction of an East Asian regional peace and prosperity and work.
on political and security issues, the key is to maintain peace and stability in East Asia.
stable development of the situation in East Asia, is the result of joint efforts of the people of East Asian countries, China has made its due contribution. China has always been an important force for peace and stability in East Asia. China is still a developing country, to achieve "two hundred years" goal, you need to have a long-term peaceful and stable international and surrounding environment. We unswervingly take the road of peaceful development, which is determined by China's historical and cultural traditions and to modernize the fundamental interests of the reality of the decision, not because of any outside interference or challenge and change. China to stick with neighbors as good neighbors as partners are always sincere hope to promote the development of their areas, benefiting from the heart of the surrounding. China firmly supports ASEAN next year to build political and security, economic and socio-cultural community, for the stable development of the region to play an active role. China is willing to work together to build a community of interests in Asia, community responsibility and a common destiny with the countries in the region.
lasting peace and stability in East Asia need to have a solid institutional arrangements. Founder in discussions with ASEAN countries signed the "Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation," is to provide an institutional framework for both generations of peaceful coexistence and legal protection. China was the first to join "Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia," the ASEAN dialogue partners, but also would like to be the first treaty of friendship and cooperation with ASEAN signed a dialogue partner. China and ASEAN countries need peace and stability, any conflict in the region is not in the common interests of the people. China will maintain territorial sovereignty is clear determination to maintain peace and stability in the region and firm. China is willing to signing this article is about the opportunity to explore and more countries in the region to achieve good-neighborly legal documents, contribute to the achievement of lasting peace in East Asia. China to host next year China - ASEAN defense ministers informal meeting to discuss the establishment of China - ASEAN Defense Hotline, and to strengthen cooperation in defense and security. China advocates a "common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable" Asian security concept, welcomed the principle of regional security cooperation in Russia, Indonesia, India and other proposed initiatives, the proposed summit on common concepts and principles related to security cooperation depth, build consensus for the region security and stability efforts.
South China Sea situation is generally stable and secure freedom of navigation is guaranteed. This year, China and ASEAN countries on the full and effective implementation of the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", to promote pragmatic cooperation at sea, were close and effective dialogue and communication. We specifically deal with the South China Sea issue, "two-track thinking" that is directly related to the specific dispute by the parties in respect of historical facts and on the basis of international law, the peaceful settlement through negotiations and consultations, to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea by China and ASEAN countries together. We agreed to actively carry out consultations early conclusion of "South China Sea code of conduct" on the basis of consensus. It has made an early harvest. We agreed to establish a joint maritime search and rescue hotline platform among countries in the maritime sector, the establishment of maritime emergency response hotline between senior officials of the Foreign Service. The parties are still exploring the establishment of a variety of communication and cooperation mechanisms between the South China Sea coast of the country. In seeking to resolve the dispute in the process, the Chinese initiative to actively explore joint development of the countries concerned, this is the reality of effective management and control differences in approach. Neighbors are not selected, another looks exchanges, bow to see the rise, bumps inevitable. Chinese old saying says, "Liren for the United States," as long as we always uphold honest, seek common ground of the heart, not the last step, there is no threshold, slope to climb past.
properly handle the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, is related to peace and stability in Northeast Asia and the entire Asian region. China stands for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Peninsula and Northeast Asia to maintain long-term peace and stability, to continue to support the parties resolve their differences peacefully through dialogue and consultation. China firmly supports ASEAN efforts to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Southeast Asia, has signed with ASEAN, "Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty" protocol agreement. We hope that ASEAN and the four other nuclear countries to intensify consultations for the early signing of the relevant protocols. Non-traditional security issues
terrorism, infectious diseases, climate change, disaster management is a serious challenge facing the international community. Myanmar as ASEAN's rotating presidency, proposed that the above problem as indicative of the meeting agenda, and we welcome that. China supports the summit this declaration or statement, showing determination to work together to meet the challenges of the Member States. Chinese from their own needs, from China, as a large developing country responsibility due consideration, the efforts to address climate change in the performance of energy-saving emission reduction targets stands by its word, line must be fruit. Chinese government to Ebola epidemic provided emergency assistance worth about 750 million yuan, and employs more than 300 experts and medical personnel in the affected areas to participate in the epidemic prevention and treatment work. We will send more medical staff, increased material support to help infected countries to carry out prevention work better. China is to establish the "East Asian regional response to climate change research and cooperation center" will work together to build the Mekong basin countries' resistance to artemisinin-based malaria drugs basin defense mechanism and response system "to continue with relevant countries jointly earthquakes and sea rescue exercise, promote non-traditional security cooperation in East Asia.
on development cooperation, the key is to promote economic integration in East Asia.
China as one of the world's major economies in the developing countries is still quite a long time to realize modernization still has a long way to go. East Asia are still many developing countries, development remains the primary task of the East Asian countries. China and ASEAN countries, mutual opportunities. East Asia Summit should "implement Action Plan" as a guiding document for future cooperation, and promote cooperation in six key areas, efforts to promote economic integration in East Asia.
- to promote trade and investment facilitation in East Asia. China and ASEAN since 2002 to start FTA negotiations, bilateral trade increased by 8 times the per capita GDP of the ten ASEAN countries grew by more than 2 times, China for five consecutive years is the largest trading partner of ASEAN, ASEAN has become China's third largest trading partner. The two sides are striving for China - ASEAN FTA negotiations completed as soon as the upgraded version, the Chinese side is willing to increase access to national treatment before the negative investment list mode negotiated agreements. China will provide 30 million yuan to support bilateral economic and technical cooperation in the next three years. China advocates of trade liberalization, is committed to building a fair competitive market environment and legal environment. China is willing to work with all parties strive Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) area before the end of 2015 to conclude the negotiations. We are pleased to see that in the just-concluded Beijing APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, the participating parties support the launch of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area (FTAAP) initiative. China is on the Trans-Pacific Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP) negotiations open-minded. Various free trade arrangements are available for the construction of a fair and free international and regional trade in order to play an active role.
- East Asia to accelerate interoperability. China put forward the construction of the economic zone and the Silk Road of the 21st century maritime Silk Road initiative is to strengthen the traditional land and sea along the Silk Road countries interoperability. Asia is being developed infrastructure investment banks, uphold the concept of openness and tolerance, complementary and ADB, the World Bank and other existing institutions, efforts to resolve regional infrastructure financing. China has announced the establishment of the Silk Road Fund, priority support infrastructure. China will provide $ 10 billion ASEAN countries preferential loans and start China - ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund to raise $ 3 billion two. China Development Bank will also set up $ 10 billion in China - ASEAN infrastructure project loans. These initiatives will help to accelerate the construction of regional interconnection.
- expand financial cooperation in East Asia. In order to avoid the occurrence of a larger East Asian financial turmoil, we should strengthen financial cooperation, in particular to improve the CMIM institutional arrangements, to provide an effective solution for short-term liquidity difficulties in the region. Should give full play to the 10 + 3 Macroeconomic Research Office, and improve financial supervision and coordination with regional early warning capability. States should expand currency swaps and cross-border trade settlement currency scale, to facilitate trade and to provide financial support.
- to strengthen cooperation in East Asia Poverty Reduction. Eradication of poverty remains one of the important tasks of the East Asian development. China will put forward the "East Asia Poverty Reduction Cooperation Initiative" at the 10 + 3 meeting, willing invested 100 million yuan to promote the development of Rural Poverty Reduction program. China's less developed ASEAN next year will provide 3 billion yuan aid. China is ready to China - ASEAN cooperation framework, exploring the establishment of Lancang - Mekong basin countries dialogue and cooperation mechanisms to support the efforts to narrow the development gap between ASEAN. Available in 10 countries in the region is good + 3 emergency rice reserve mechanism to deal with unexpected problems of food security.
- to promote maritime cooperation in East Asia. Next year is the China - ASEAN maritime cooperation, the two sides can explore the ocean Cooperation Forum held include relevant minister to attend the National Oceanic and strengthen dialogue and cooperation between the maritime law enforcement agency. China amounted to 3 billion yuan - the establishment of an ASEAN maritime cooperation fund to promote bilateral cooperation in various fields on the sea provides an important platform for the two sides should implement the project well in 2014, and started work in 2015 to declare Fund projects as early as possible. China will provide 30 million yuan to support the "Seas of East Asia Cooperation Platform".
- close cultural exchanges in East Asia. East Asian countries is beneficial dialogue among civilizations and cultural exchanges to enhance mutual understanding and trust. Interpersonal communication extends to where the road of friendship and cooperation where it leads. We should continue to tap the Maritime Silk Road historical and cultural connotations. China appreciates the Indian side for the reconstruction of Nalanda University, the efforts, and is willing to jointly promote the field of culture and education and students, among others. We should encourage China - ASEAN Think Tank network, two-track cooperation mechanisms in East Asia Think Bank Network and other areas in order to strengthen the East Asian Humanities and Social exchanges, to jointly plan for the future contribution of Asian wisdom.
colleagues!
next year is the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the East Asia Summit. Summit leaders should continue to play a good role as a forum for leading the strategy, continue to adhere to the principles of the ASEAN-led, in the spirit of equality, openness and inclusiveness spiritual care comfort parties on major regional and global issues and frank dialogue, promote pragmatic related fields cooperation.
East Asia is one of the most promising and promising regions in the world. East vicissitudes involves not only the welfare of the peoples of the region, but also about the future and the fate of the entire Asia-Pacific region. Whether it is still relevant countries in the region outside the country, are a big boat with passengers, stakeholders, solidarity. Burmese proverb: "Who does not look forward, who will encounter many difficulties." Parties who are promoting East Asian cooperation, should work together to join the festivities, and promote the cause of peace and development in the world!
Thank you!
11 May 13, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang attended the 17th China than in Burma - ASEAN (10 + 1) Summit. Xinhua news agency issued Liuzhen She
Naypyidaw November 13, Premier Li Keqiang, 13 am local time in Naypyidaw Myanmar to attend the East Asia Summit, the ninth and delivered a speech. The full text reads as follows:
in the 9th East Asia Summit statement
(2014 年 11 13, within Myanmar Naypyidaw)
People's Republic of China Premier Li Keqiang
Excellency President Thein Sein,
colleagues:
great pleasure to attend the Ninth East Asia Summit, jointly with colleagues peaceful development of East Asian cooperation. Well thank President Thein Sein and the Burmese government made preparations for the meeting and thoughtful arrangements.
East Asia has a long history and a large population of different ethnic, religious and cultural diversity coexist, exchanges and mutual learning, creating a unique East Asian civilization, mankind has made important contributions to the development and progress. From the beginning of the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid rise of East Asia as the world's fastest growing and most dynamic regions. In recent years, the East Asian countries to help each other to overcome the impact of the international financial crisis and maintain regional stability and economic growth, continue to contribute to the development and prosperity of the world.
to the rapid development of East Asia, simply because there is a peaceful and stable regional environment. East Asian countries are the direct beneficiaries of regional peace and stability in the region should become staunch defenders of the parties should properly resolve the dispute through peaceful means, go-lasting friendship, cooperation and win-win road. East Asian economies are highly complementary, great potential for cooperation, you have me, I have you, all parties should further promote regional economic integration, to achieve the integration of development and common prosperity. East Asian countries connected to land and sea, cultural similarities, there is togetherness, mutual help tradition, the parties should rationally mutual interests and concerns in good faith, committed to tolerance and mutual respect, harmony.
present, the international situation is changing in a complex world economic recovery is slow, local conflicts and regional hot spots come and go, terrorism, public health emergencies, such as a common threat to the international community. We should cherish the hard-earned good situation in East Asia, a good grasp of the political security and economic development, "two wheels turn together" principle, promote regional peace and stability, and actively respond to global challenges, and deepen cooperation in areas such as economic and social, for the construction of an East Asian regional peace and prosperity and work.
on political and security issues, the key is to maintain peace and stability in East Asia.
stable development of the situation in East Asia, is the result of joint efforts of the people of East Asian countries, China has made its due contribution. China has always been an important force for peace and stability in East Asia. China is still a developing country, to achieve "two hundred years" goal, you need to have a long-term peaceful and stable international and surrounding environment. We unswervingly take the road of peaceful development, which is determined by China's historical and cultural traditions and to modernize the fundamental interests of the reality of the decision, not because of any outside interference or challenge and change. China to stick with neighbors as good neighbors as partners are always sincere hope to promote the development of their areas, benefiting from the heart of the surrounding. China firmly supports ASEAN next year to build political and security, economic and socio-cultural community, for the stable development of the region to play an active role. China is willing to work together to build a community of interests in Asia, community responsibility and a common destiny with the countries in the region.
lasting peace and stability in East Asia need to have a solid institutional arrangements. Founder in discussions with ASEAN countries signed the "Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation," is to provide an institutional framework for both generations of peaceful coexistence and legal protection. China was the first to join "Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia," the ASEAN dialogue partners, but also would like to be the first treaty of friendship and cooperation with ASEAN signed a dialogue partner. China and ASEAN countries need peace and stability, any conflict in the region is not in the common interests of the people. China will maintain territorial sovereignty is clear determination to maintain peace and stability in the region and firm. China is willing to signing this article is about the opportunity to explore and more countries in the region to achieve good-neighborly legal documents, contribute to the achievement of lasting peace in East Asia. China to host next year China - ASEAN defense ministers informal meeting to discuss the establishment of China - ASEAN Defense Hotline, and to strengthen cooperation in defense and security. China advocates a "common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable" Asian security concept, welcomed the principle of regional security cooperation in Russia, Indonesia, India and other proposed initiatives, the proposed summit on common concepts and principles related to security cooperation depth, build consensus for the region security and stability efforts.
South China Sea situation is generally stable and secure freedom of navigation is guaranteed. This year, China and ASEAN countries on the full and effective implementation of the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", to promote pragmatic cooperation at sea, were close and effective dialogue and communication. We specifically deal with the South China Sea issue, "two-track thinking" that is directly related to the specific dispute by the parties in respect of historical facts and on the basis of international law, the peaceful settlement through negotiations and consultations, to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea by China and ASEAN countries together. We agreed to actively carry out consultations early conclusion of "South China Sea code of conduct" on the basis of consensus. It has made an early harvest. We agreed to establish a joint maritime search and rescue hotline platform among countries in the maritime sector, the establishment of maritime emergency response hotline between senior officials of the Foreign Service. The parties are still exploring the establishment of a variety of communication and cooperation mechanisms between the South China Sea coast of the country. In seeking to resolve the dispute in the process, the Chinese initiative to actively explore joint development of the countries concerned, this is the reality of effective management and control differences in approach. Neighbors are not selected, another looks exchanges, bow to see the rise, bumps inevitable. Chinese old saying says, "Liren for the United States," as long as we always uphold honest, seek common ground of the heart, not the last step, there is no threshold, slope to climb past.
properly handle the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, is related to peace and stability in Northeast Asia and the entire Asian region. China stands for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Peninsula and Northeast Asia to maintain long-term peace and stability, to continue to support the parties resolve their differences peacefully through dialogue and consultation. China firmly supports ASEAN efforts to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Southeast Asia, has signed with ASEAN, "Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty" protocol agreement. We hope that ASEAN and the four other nuclear countries to intensify consultations for the early signing of the relevant protocols. Non-traditional security issues
terrorism, infectious diseases, climate change, disaster management is a serious challenge facing the international community. Myanmar as ASEAN's rotating presidency, proposed that the above problem as indicative of the meeting agenda, and we welcome that. China supports the summit this declaration or statement, showing determination to work together to meet the challenges of the Member States. Chinese from their own needs, from China, as a large developing country responsibility due consideration, the efforts to address climate change in the performance of energy-saving emission reduction targets stands by its word, line must be fruit. Chinese government to Ebola epidemic provided emergency assistance worth about 750 million yuan, and employs more than 300 experts and medical personnel in the affected areas to participate in the epidemic prevention and treatment work. We will send more medical staff, increased material support to help infected countries to carry out prevention work better. China is to establish the "East Asian regional response to climate change research and cooperation center" will work together to build the Mekong basin countries' resistance to artemisinin-based malaria drugs basin defense mechanism and response system "to continue with relevant countries jointly earthquakes and sea rescue exercise, promote non-traditional security cooperation in East Asia.
on development cooperation, the key is to promote economic integration in East Asia.
China as one of the world's major economies in the developing countries is still quite a long time to realize modernization still has a long way to go. East Asia are still many developing countries, development remains the primary task of the East Asian countries. China and ASEAN countries, mutual opportunities. East Asia Summit should "implement
- to promote trade and investment facilitation in East Asia. China and ASEAN since 2002 to start FTA negotiations, bilateral trade increased by 8 times the per capita GDP of the ten ASEAN countries grew by more than 2 times, China for five consecutive years is the largest trading partner of ASEAN, ASEAN has become China's third largest trading partner. The two sides are striving for China - ASEAN FTA negotiations completed as soon as the upgraded version, the Chinese side is willing to increase access to national treatment before the negative investment list mode negotiated agreements. China will provide 30 million yuan to support bilateral economic and technical cooperation in the next three years. China advocates of trade liberalization, is committed to building a fair competitive market environment and legal environment. China is willing to work with all parties strive Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) area before the end of 2015 to conclude the negotiations. We are pleased to see that in the just-concluded Beijing APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, the participating parties support the launch of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area (FTAAP) initiative. China is on the Trans-Pacific Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP) negotiations open-minded. Various free trade arrangements are available for the construction of a fair and free international and regional trade in order to play an active role.
- East Asia to accelerate interoperability. China put forward the construction of the economic zone and the Silk Road of the 21st century maritime Silk Road initiative is to strengthen the traditional land and sea along the Silk Road countries interoperability. Asia is being developed infrastructure investment banks, uphold the concept of openness and tolerance, complementary and ADB, the World Bank and other existing institutions, efforts to resolve regional infrastructure financing. China has announced the establishment of the Silk Road Fund, priority support infrastructure. China will provide $ 10 billion ASEAN countries preferential loans and start China - ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund to raise $ 3 billion two. China Development Bank will also set up $ 10 billion in China - ASEAN infrastructure project loans. These initiatives will help to accelerate the construction of regional interconnection.
- expand financial cooperation in East Asia. In order to avoid the occurrence of a larger East Asian financial turmoil, we should strengthen financial cooperation, in particular to improve the CMIM institutional arrangements, to provide an effective solution for short-term liquidity difficulties in the region. Should give full play to the 10 + 3 Macroeconomic Research Office, and improve financial supervision and coordination with regional early warning capability. States should expand currency swaps and cross-border trade settlement currency scale, to facilitate trade and to provide financial support.
- to strengthen cooperation in East Asia Poverty Reduction. Eradication of poverty remains one of the important tasks of the East Asian development. China will put forward the "East Asia Poverty Reduction Cooperation Initiative" at the 10 + 3 meeting, willing invested 100 million yuan to promote the development of Rural Poverty Reduction program. China's less developed ASEAN next year will provide 3 billion yuan aid. China is ready to China - ASEAN cooperation framework, exploring the establishment of Lancang - Mekong basin countries dialogue and cooperation mechanisms to support the efforts to narrow the development gap between ASEAN. Available in 10 countries in the region is good + 3 emergency rice reserve mechanism to deal with unexpected problems of food security.
- to promote maritime cooperation in East Asia. Next year is the China - ASEAN maritime cooperation, the two sides can explore the ocean Cooperation Forum held include relevant minister to attend the National Oceanic and strengthen dialogue and cooperation between the maritime law enforcement agency. China amounted to 3 billion yuan - the establishment of an ASEAN maritime cooperation fund to promote bilateral cooperation in various fields on the sea provides an important platform for the two sides should implement the project well in 2014, and started work in 2015 to declare Fund projects as early as possible. China will provide 30 million yuan to support the "Seas of East Asia Cooperation Platform".
- close cultural exchanges in East Asia. East Asian countries is beneficial dialogue among civilizations and cultural exchanges to enhance mutual understanding and trust. Interpersonal communication extends to where the road of friendship and cooperation where it leads. We should continue to tap the Maritime Silk Road historical and cultural connotations. China appreciates the Indian side for the reconstruction of Nalanda University, the efforts, and is willing to jointly promote the field of culture and education and students, among others. We should encourage China - ASEAN Think Tank network, two-track cooperation mechanisms in East Asia Think Bank Network and other areas in order to strengthen the East Asian Humanities and Social exchanges, to jointly plan for the future contribution of Asian wisdom.
colleagues!
next year is the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the East Asia Summit. Summit leaders should continue to play a good role as a forum for leading the strategy, continue to adhere to the principles of the ASEAN-led, in the spirit of equality, openness and inclusiveness spiritual care comfort parties on major regional and global issues and frank dialogue, promote pragmatic related fields cooperation.
East Asia is one of the most promising and promising regions in the world. East vicissitudes involves not only the welfare of the peoples of the region, but also about the future and the fate of the entire Asia-Pacific region. Whether it is still relevant countries in the region outside the country, are a big boat with passengers, stakeholders, solidarity. Burmese proverb: "Who does not look forward, who will encounter many difficulties." Parties who are promoting East Asian cooperation, should work together to join the festivities, and promote the cause of peace and development in the world!
Thank you!
Li Keqiang: ASEAN will provide $ 10 billion lending
11 May 13, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang attended the 17th China than in Burma - ASEAN (10 + 1) Summit. Xinhua news agency issued Liuzhen She
Naypyidaw November 13, Premier Li Keqiang, 13 am local time in Naypyidaw Myanmar to attend the East Asia Summit, the ninth and delivered a speech. The full text reads as follows:
in the 9th East Asia Summit statement
(2014 年 11 13, within Myanmar Naypyidaw)
People's Republic of China Premier Li Keqiang
Excellency President Thein Sein,
colleagues:
great pleasure to attend the Ninth East Asia Summit, jointly with colleagues peaceful development of East Asian cooperation. Well thank President Thein Sein and the Burmese government made preparations for the meeting and thoughtful arrangements.
East Asia has a long history and a large population of different ethnic, religious and cultural diversity coexist, exchanges and mutual learning, creating a unique East Asian civilization, mankind has made important contributions to the development and progress. From the beginning of the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid rise of East Asia as the world's fastest growing and most dynamic regions. In recent years, the East Asian countries to help each other to overcome the impact of the international financial crisis and maintain regional stability and economic growth, continue to contribute to the development and prosperity of the world.
to the rapid development of East Asia, simply because there is a peaceful and stable regional environment. East Asian countries are the direct beneficiaries of regional peace and stability in the region should become staunch defenders of the parties should properly resolve the dispute through peaceful means, go-lasting friendship, cooperation and win-win road. East Asian economies are highly complementary, great potential for cooperation, you have me, I have you, all parties should further promote regional economic integration, to achieve the integration of development and common prosperity. East Asian countries connected to land and sea, cultural similarities, there is togetherness, mutual help tradition, the parties should rationally mutual interests and concerns in good faith, committed to tolerance and mutual respect, harmony.
present, the international situation is changing in a complex world economic recovery is slow, local conflicts and regional hot spots come and go, terrorism, public health emergencies, such as a common threat to the international community. We should cherish the hard-earned good situation in East Asia, a good grasp of the political security and economic development, "two wheels turn together" principle, promote regional peace and stability, and actively respond to global challenges, and deepen cooperation in areas such as economic and social, for the construction of an East Asian regional peace and prosperity and work.
on political and security issues, the key is to maintain peace and stability in East Asia.
stable development of the situation in East Asia, is the result of joint efforts of the people of East Asian countries, China has made its due contribution. China has always been an important force for peace and stability in East Asia. China is still a developing country, to achieve "two hundred years" goal, you need to have a long-term peaceful and stable international and surrounding environment. We unswervingly take the road of peaceful development, which is determined by China's historical and cultural traditions and to modernize the fundamental interests of the reality of the decision, not because of any outside interference or challenge and change. China to stick with neighbors as good neighbors as partners are always sincere hope to promote the development of their areas, benefiting from the heart of the surrounding. China firmly supports ASEAN next year to build political and security, economic and socio-cultural community, for the stable development of the region to play an active role. China is willing to work together to build a community of interests in Asia, community responsibility and a common destiny with the countries in the region.
lasting peace and stability in East Asia need to have a solid institutional arrangements. Founder in discussions with ASEAN countries signed the "Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation," is to provide an institutional framework for both generations of peaceful coexistence and legal protection. China was the first to join "Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia," the ASEAN dialogue partners, but also would like to be the first treaty of friendship and cooperation with ASEAN signed a dialogue partner. China and ASEAN countries need peace and stability, any conflict in the region is not in the common interests of the people. China will maintain territorial sovereignty is clear determination to maintain peace and stability in the region and firm. China is willing to signing this article is about the opportunity to explore and more countries in the region to achieve good-neighborly legal documents, contribute to the achievement of lasting peace in East Asia. China to host next year China - ASEAN defense ministers informal meeting to discuss the establishment of China - ASEAN Defense Hotline, and to strengthen cooperation in defense and security. China advocates a "common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable" Asian security concept, welcomed the principle of regional security cooperation in Russia, Indonesia, India and other proposed initiatives, the proposed summit on common concepts and principles related to security cooperation depth, build consensus for the region security and stability efforts.
South China Sea situation is generally stable and secure freedom of navigation is guaranteed. This year, China and ASEAN countries on the full and effective implementation of the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", to promote pragmatic cooperation at sea, were close and effective dialogue and communication. We specifically deal with the South China Sea issue, "two-track thinking" that is directly related to the specific dispute by the parties in respect of historical facts and on the basis of international law, the peaceful settlement through negotiations and consultations, to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea by China and ASEAN countries together. We agreed to actively carry out consultations early conclusion of "South China Sea code of conduct" on the basis of consensus. It has made an early harvest. We agreed to establish a joint maritime search and rescue hotline platform among countries in the maritime sector, the establishment of maritime emergency response hotline between senior officials of the Foreign Service. The parties are still exploring the establishment of a variety of communication and cooperation mechanisms between the South China Sea coast of the country. In seeking to resolve the dispute in the process, the Chinese initiative to actively explore joint development of the countries concerned, this is the reality of effective management and control differences in approach. Neighbors are not selected, another looks exchanges, bow to see the rise, bumps inevitable. Chinese old saying says, "Liren for the United States," as long as we always uphold honest, seek common ground of the heart, not the last step, there is no threshold, slope to climb past.
properly handle the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, is related to peace and stability in Northeast Asia and the entire Asian region. China stands for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Peninsula and Northeast Asia to maintain long-term peace and stability, to continue to support the parties resolve their differences peacefully through dialogue and consultation. China firmly supports ASEAN efforts to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Southeast Asia, has signed with ASEAN, "Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty" protocol agreement. We hope that ASEAN and the four other nuclear countries to intensify consultations for the early signing of the relevant protocols. Non-traditional security issues
terrorism, infectious diseases, climate change, disaster management is a serious challenge facing the international community. Myanmar as ASEAN's rotating presidency, proposed that the above problem as indicative of the meeting agenda, and we welcome that. China supports the summit this declaration or statement, showing determination to work together to meet the challenges of the Member States. Chinese from their own needs, from China, as a large developing country responsibility due consideration, the efforts to address climate change in the performance of energy-saving emission reduction targets stands by its word, line must be fruit. Chinese government to Ebola epidemic provided emergency assistance worth about 750 million yuan, and employs more than 300 experts and medical personnel in the affected areas to participate in the epidemic prevention and treatment work. We will send more medical staff, increased material support to help infected countries to carry out prevention work better. China is to establish the "East Asian regional response to climate change research and cooperation center" will work together to build the Mekong basin countries' resistance to artemisinin-based malaria drugs basin defense mechanism and response system "to continue with relevant countries jointly earthquakes and sea rescue exercise, promote non-traditional security cooperation in East Asia.
on development cooperation, the key is to promote economic integration in East Asia.
China as one of the world's major economies in the developing countries is still quite a long time to realize modernization still has a long way to go. East Asia are still many developing countries, development remains the primary task of the East Asian countries. China and ASEAN countries, mutual opportunities. East Asia Summit should "implement Action Plan" as a guiding document for future cooperation, and promote cooperation in six key areas, efforts to promote economic integration in East Asia.
- to promote trade and investment facilitation in East Asia. China and ASEAN since 2002 to start FTA negotiations, bilateral trade increased by 8 times the per capita GDP of the ten ASEAN countries grew by more than 2 times, China for five consecutive years is the largest trading partner of ASEAN, ASEAN has become China's third largest trading partner. The two sides are striving for China - ASEAN FTA negotiations completed as soon as the upgraded version, the Chinese side is willing to increase access to national treatment before the negative investment list mode negotiated agreements. China will provide 30 million yuan to support bilateral economic and technical cooperation in the next three years. China advocates of trade liberalization, is committed to building a fair competitive market environment and legal environment. China is willing to work with all parties strive Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) area before the end of 2015 to conclude the negotiations. We are pleased to see that in the just-concluded Beijing APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, the participating parties support the launch of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area (FTAAP) initiative. China is on the Trans-Pacific Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP) negotiations open-minded. Various free trade arrangements are available for the construction of a fair and free international and regional trade in order to play an active role.
- East Asia to accelerate interoperability. China put forward the construction of the economic zone and the Silk Road of the 21st century maritime Silk Road initiative is to strengthen the traditional land and sea along the Silk Road countries interoperability. Asia is being developed infrastructure investment banks, uphold the concept of openness and tolerance, complementary and ADB, the World Bank and other existing institutions, efforts to resolve regional infrastructure financing. China has announced the establishment of the Silk Road Fund, priority support infrastructure. China will provide $ 10 billion ASEAN countries preferential loans and start China - ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund to raise $ 3 billion two. China Development Bank will also set up $ 10 billion in China - ASEAN infrastructure project loans. These initiatives will help to accelerate the construction of regional interconnection.
- expand financial cooperation in East Asia. In order to avoid the occurrence of a larger East Asian financial turmoil, we should strengthen financial cooperation, in particular to improve the CMIM institutional arrangements, to provide an effective solution for short-term liquidity difficulties in the region. Should give full play to the 10 + 3 Macroeconomic Research Office, and improve financial supervision and coordination with regional early warning capability. States should expand currency swaps and cross-border trade settlement currency scale, to facilitate trade and to provide financial support.
- to strengthen cooperation in East Asia Poverty Reduction. Eradication of poverty remains one of the important tasks of the East Asian development. China will put forward the "East Asia Poverty Reduction Cooperation Initiative" at the 10 + 3 meeting, willing invested 100 million yuan to promote the development of Rural Poverty Reduction program. China's less developed ASEAN next year will provide 3 billion yuan aid. China is ready to China - ASEAN cooperation framework, exploring the establishment of Lancang - Mekong basin countries dialogue and cooperation mechanisms to support the efforts to narrow the development gap between ASEAN. Available in 10 countries in the region is good + 3 emergency rice reserve mechanism to deal with unexpected problems of food security.
- to promote maritime cooperation in East Asia. Next year is the China - ASEAN maritime cooperation, the two sides can explore the ocean Cooperation Forum held include relevant minister to attend the National Oceanic and strengthen dialogue and cooperation between the maritime law enforcement agency. China amounted to 3 billion yuan - the establishment of an ASEAN maritime cooperation fund to promote bilateral cooperation in various fields on the sea provides an important platform for the two sides should implement the project well in 2014, and started work in 2015 to declare Fund projects as early as possible. China will provide 30 million yuan to support the "Seas of East Asia Cooperation Platform".
- close cultural exchanges in East Asia. East Asian countries is beneficial dialogue among civilizations and cultural exchanges to enhance mutual understanding and trust. Interpersonal communication extends to where the road of friendship and cooperation where it leads. We should continue to tap the Maritime Silk Road historical and cultural connotations. China appreciates the Indian side for the reconstruction of Nalanda University, the efforts, and is willing to jointly promote the field of culture and education and students, among others. We should encourage China - ASEAN Think Tank network, two-track cooperation mechanisms in East Asia Think Bank Network and other areas in order to strengthen the East Asian Humanities and Social exchanges, to jointly plan for the future contribution of Asian wisdom.
colleagues!
next year is the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the East Asia Summit. Summit leaders should continue to play a good role as a forum for leading the strategy, continue to adhere to the principles of the ASEAN-led, in the spirit of equality, openness and inclusiveness spiritual care comfort parties on major regional and global issues and frank dialogue, promote pragmatic related fields cooperation.
East Asia is one of the most promising and promising regions in the world. East vicissitudes involves not only the welfare of the peoples of the region, but also about the future and the fate of the entire Asia-Pacific region. Whether it is still relevant countries in the region outside the country, are a big boat with passengers, stakeholders, solidarity. Burmese proverb: "Who does not look forward, who will encounter many difficulties." Parties who are promoting East Asian cooperation, should work together to join the festivities, and promote the cause of peace and development in the world!
Thank you!
11 May 13, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang attended the 17th China than in Burma - ASEAN (10 + 1) Summit. Xinhua news agency issued Liuzhen She
Naypyidaw November 13, Premier Li Keqiang, 13 am local time in Naypyidaw Myanmar to attend the East Asia Summit, the ninth and delivered a speech. The full text reads as follows:
in the 9th East Asia Summit statement
(2014 年 11 13, within Myanmar Naypyidaw)
People's Republic of China Premier Li Keqiang
Excellency President Thein Sein,
colleagues:
great pleasure to attend the Ninth East Asia Summit, jointly with colleagues peaceful development of East Asian cooperation. Well thank President Thein Sein and the Burmese government made preparations for the meeting and thoughtful arrangements.
East Asia has a long history and a large population of different ethnic, religious and cultural diversity coexist, exchanges and mutual learning, creating a unique East Asian civilization, mankind has made important contributions to the development and progress. From the beginning of the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid rise of East Asia as the world's fastest growing and most dynamic regions. In recent years, the East Asian countries to help each other to overcome the impact of the international financial crisis and maintain regional stability and economic growth, continue to contribute to the development and prosperity of the world.
to the rapid development of East Asia, simply because there is a peaceful and stable regional environment. East Asian countries are the direct beneficiaries of regional peace and stability in the region should become staunch defenders of the parties should properly resolve the dispute through peaceful means, go-lasting friendship, cooperation and win-win road. East Asian economies are highly complementary, great potential for cooperation, you have me, I have you, all parties should further promote regional economic integration, to achieve the integration of development and common prosperity. East Asian countries connected to land and sea, cultural similarities, there is togetherness, mutual help tradition, the parties should rationally mutual interests and concerns in good faith, committed to tolerance and mutual respect, harmony.
present, the international situation is changing in a complex world economic recovery is slow, local conflicts and regional hot spots come and go, terrorism, public health emergencies, such as a common threat to the international community. We should cherish the hard-earned good situation in East Asia, a good grasp of the political security and economic development, "two wheels turn together" principle, promote regional peace and stability, and actively respond to global challenges, and deepen cooperation in areas such as economic and social, for the construction of an East Asian regional peace and prosperity and work.
on political and security issues, the key is to maintain peace and stability in East Asia.
stable development of the situation in East Asia, is the result of joint efforts of the people of East Asian countries, China has made its due contribution. China has always been an important force for peace and stability in East Asia. China is still a developing country, to achieve "two hundred years" goal, you need to have a long-term peaceful and stable international and surrounding environment. We unswervingly take the road of peaceful development, which is determined by China's historical and cultural traditions and to modernize the fundamental interests of the reality of the decision, not because of any outside interference or challenge and change. China to stick with neighbors as good neighbors as partners are always sincere hope to promote the development of their areas, benefiting from the heart of the surrounding. China firmly supports ASEAN next year to build political and security, economic and socio-cultural community, for the stable development of the region to play an active role. China is willing to work together to build a community of interests in Asia, community responsibility and a common destiny with the countries in the region.
lasting peace and stability in East Asia need to have a solid institutional arrangements. Founder in discussions with ASEAN countries signed the "Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation," is to provide an institutional framework for both generations of peaceful coexistence and legal protection. China was the first to join "Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia," the ASEAN dialogue partners, but also would like to be the first treaty of friendship and cooperation with ASEAN signed a dialogue partner. China and ASEAN countries need peace and stability, any conflict in the region is not in the common interests of the people. China will maintain territorial sovereignty is clear determination to maintain peace and stability in the region and firm. China is willing to signing this article is about the opportunity to explore and more countries in the region to achieve good-neighborly legal documents, contribute to the achievement of lasting peace in East Asia. China to host next year China - ASEAN defense ministers informal meeting to discuss the establishment of China - ASEAN Defense Hotline, and to strengthen cooperation in defense and security. China advocates a "common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable" Asian security concept, welcomed the principle of regional security cooperation in Russia, Indonesia, India and other proposed initiatives, the proposed summit on common concepts and principles related to security cooperation depth, build consensus for the region security and stability efforts.
South China Sea situation is generally stable and secure freedom of navigation is guaranteed. This year, China and ASEAN countries on the full and effective implementation of the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", to promote pragmatic cooperation at sea, were close and effective dialogue and communication. We specifically deal with the South China Sea issue, "two-track thinking" that is directly related to the specific dispute by the parties in respect of historical facts and on the basis of international law, the peaceful settlement through negotiations and consultations, to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea by China and ASEAN countries together. We agreed to actively carry out consultations early conclusion of "South China Sea code of conduct" on the basis of consensus. It has made an early harvest. We agreed to establish a joint maritime search and rescue hotline platform among countries in the maritime sector, the establishment of maritime emergency response hotline between senior officials of the Foreign Service. The parties are still exploring the establishment of a variety of communication and cooperation mechanisms between the South China Sea coast of the country. In seeking to resolve the dispute in the process, the Chinese initiative to actively explore joint development of the countries concerned, this is the reality of effective management and control differences in approach. Neighbors are not selected, another looks exchanges, bow to see the rise, bumps inevitable. Chinese old saying says, "Liren for the United States," as long as we always uphold honest, seek common ground of the heart, not the last step, there is no threshold, slope to climb past.
properly handle the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, is related to peace and stability in Northeast Asia and the entire Asian region. China stands for the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, Peninsula and Northeast Asia to maintain long-term peace and stability, to continue to support the parties resolve their differences peacefully through dialogue and consultation. China firmly supports ASEAN efforts to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Southeast Asia, has signed with ASEAN, "Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty" protocol agreement. We hope that ASEAN and the four other nuclear countries to intensify consultations for the early signing of the relevant protocols. Non-traditional security issues
terrorism, infectious diseases, climate change, disaster management is a serious challenge facing the international community. Myanmar as ASEAN's rotating presidency, proposed that the above problem as indicative of the meeting agenda, and we welcome that. China supports the summit this declaration or statement, showing determination to work together to meet the challenges of the Member States. Chinese from their own needs, from China, as a large developing country responsibility due consideration, the efforts to address climate change in the performance of energy-saving emission reduction targets stands by its word, line must be fruit. Chinese government to Ebola epidemic provided emergency assistance worth about 750 million yuan, and employs more than 300 experts and medical personnel in the affected areas to participate in the epidemic prevention and treatment work. We will send more medical staff, increased material support to help infected countries to carry out prevention work better. China is to establish the "East Asian regional response to climate change research and cooperation center" will work together to build the Mekong basin countries' resistance to artemisinin-based malaria drugs basin defense mechanism and response system "to continue with relevant countries jointly earthquakes and sea rescue exercise, promote non-traditional security cooperation in East Asia.
on development cooperation, the key is to promote economic integration in East Asia.
China as one of the world's major economies in the developing countries is still quite a long time to realize modernization still has a long way to go. East Asia are still many developing countries, development remains the primary task of the East Asian countries. China and ASEAN countries, mutual opportunities. East Asia Summit should "implement
- to promote trade and investment facilitation in East Asia. China and ASEAN since 2002 to start FTA negotiations, bilateral trade increased by 8 times the per capita GDP of the ten ASEAN countries grew by more than 2 times, China for five consecutive years is the largest trading partner of ASEAN, ASEAN has become China's third largest trading partner. The two sides are striving for China - ASEAN FTA negotiations completed as soon as the upgraded version, the Chinese side is willing to increase access to national treatment before the negative investment list mode negotiated agreements. China will provide 30 million yuan to support bilateral economic and technical cooperation in the next three years. China advocates of trade liberalization, is committed to building a fair competitive market environment and legal environment. China is willing to work with all parties strive Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) area before the end of 2015 to conclude the negotiations. We are pleased to see that in the just-concluded Beijing APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, the participating parties support the launch of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area (FTAAP) initiative. China is on the Trans-Pacific Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP) negotiations open-minded. Various free trade arrangements are available for the construction of a fair and free international and regional trade in order to play an active role.
- East Asia to accelerate interoperability. China put forward the construction of the economic zone and the Silk Road of the 21st century maritime Silk Road initiative is to strengthen the traditional land and sea along the Silk Road countries interoperability. Asia is being developed infrastructure investment banks, uphold the concept of openness and tolerance, complementary and ADB, the World Bank and other existing institutions, efforts to resolve regional infrastructure financing. China has announced the establishment of the Silk Road Fund, priority support infrastructure. China will provide $ 10 billion ASEAN countries preferential loans and start China - ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund to raise $ 3 billion two. China Development Bank will also set up $ 10 billion in China - ASEAN infrastructure project loans. These initiatives will help to accelerate the construction of regional interconnection.
- expand financial cooperation in East Asia. In order to avoid the occurrence of a larger East Asian financial turmoil, we should strengthen financial cooperation, in particular to improve the CMIM institutional arrangements, to provide an effective solution for short-term liquidity difficulties in the region. Should give full play to the 10 + 3 Macroeconomic Research Office, and improve financial supervision and coordination with regional early warning capability. States should expand currency swaps and cross-border trade settlement currency scale, to facilitate trade and to provide financial support.
- to strengthen cooperation in East Asia Poverty Reduction. Eradication of poverty remains one of the important tasks of the East Asian development. China will put forward the "East Asia Poverty Reduction Cooperation Initiative" at the 10 + 3 meeting, willing invested 100 million yuan to promote the development of Rural Poverty Reduction program. China's less developed ASEAN next year will provide 3 billion yuan aid. China is ready to China - ASEAN cooperation framework, exploring the establishment of Lancang - Mekong basin countries dialogue and cooperation mechanisms to support the efforts to narrow the development gap between ASEAN. Available in 10 countries in the region is good + 3 emergency rice reserve mechanism to deal with unexpected problems of food security.
- to promote maritime cooperation in East Asia. Next year is the China - ASEAN maritime cooperation, the two sides can explore the ocean Cooperation Forum held include relevant minister to attend the National Oceanic and strengthen dialogue and cooperation between the maritime law enforcement agency. China amounted to 3 billion yuan - the establishment of an ASEAN maritime cooperation fund to promote bilateral cooperation in various fields on the sea provides an important platform for the two sides should implement the project well in 2014, and started work in 2015 to declare Fund projects as early as possible. China will provide 30 million yuan to support the "Seas of East Asia Cooperation Platform".
- close cultural exchanges in East Asia. East Asian countries is beneficial dialogue among civilizations and cultural exchanges to enhance mutual understanding and trust. Interpersonal communication extends to where the road of friendship and cooperation where it leads. We should continue to tap the Maritime Silk Road historical and cultural connotations. China appreciates the Indian side for the reconstruction of Nalanda University, the efforts, and is willing to jointly promote the field of culture and education and students, among others. We should encourage China - ASEAN Think Tank network, two-track cooperation mechanisms in East Asia Think Bank Network and other areas in order to strengthen the East Asian Humanities and Social exchanges, to jointly plan for the future contribution of Asian wisdom.
colleagues!
next year is the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the East Asia Summit. Summit leaders should continue to play a good role as a forum for leading the strategy, continue to adhere to the principles of the ASEAN-led, in the spirit of equality, openness and inclusiveness spiritual care comfort parties on major regional and global issues and frank dialogue, promote pragmatic related fields cooperation.
East Asia is one of the most promising and promising regions in the world. East vicissitudes involves not only the welfare of the peoples of the region, but also about the future and the fate of the entire Asia-Pacific region. Whether it is still relevant countries in the region outside the country, are a big boat with passengers, stakeholders, solidarity. Burmese proverb: "Who does not look forward, who will encounter many difficulties." Parties who are promoting East Asian cooperation, should work together to join the festivities, and promote the cause of peace and development in the world!
Thank you!
11月13日，中国国务院总理李克强在缅甸内比都出席第17次中国－东盟（10+1）领导人会议。中新社发 刘震 摄
新华网内比都11月13日电 国务院总理李克强当地时间13日上午在缅甸内比都出席第九届东亚峰会并发表讲话。讲话全文如下：
在第九届东亚峰会上的发言
(2014年11月13日，缅甸内比都)
中华人民共和国国务院总理 李克强
尊敬的吴登盛总统，
各位同事：
很高兴出席第九届东亚峰会，与各位同事共商东亚和平发展合作之道。感谢吴登盛总统和缅甸政府为会议所做的精心准备和周到安排。
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亚历史悠久，人口众多，不同民族、宗教和文化多样并存、交流互鉴，创造了独具特色的东亚文明，为人类发展进步事业作出重要贡献。从上世纪七八十年代开始，
东亚迅速崛起，成为全球发展最快、最富活力的地区。近年来，东亚国家同舟共济，克服国际金融危机影响，保持地区稳定和经济增长势头，继续为世界繁荣发展作
出贡献。
东亚得以快速发展，根本原因在于有一个和平稳定的地区环境。东亚国家都是地区
和平的直接受益者，也应当成为地区稳定的坚定维护者，各方应通过和平方式妥善解决有关争端，走世代友好、合作共赢之路。东亚国家经济互补性强、合作潜力
大，你中有我、我中有你，各方应深入推进地区经济一体化，实现融合发展、共同繁荣。东亚国家陆海相连、文化相通，有患难与共、守望相助的传统，各方应真诚
理性地看待彼此利益关切，致力于包容互敬、和睦共处。
当前，国际形势正处于复杂变化之
中，世界经济复苏进程缓慢，局部冲突和地区热点此起彼伏，恐怖主义、公共卫生事件等成为国际社会共同威胁。我们更应该珍视东亚来之不易的良好局面，把握好
政治安全和经济发展“两个轮子一起转”的大方向，促进地区和平安定，积极应对全球性挑战，深化经济社会等领域合作，为建设一个和平与繁荣的东亚地区而努
力。
关于政治安全问题，关键是维护东亚的和平稳定。
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亚稳定发展的局面，是东亚各国人民共同努力的结果，中国也作出了应有的贡献。中国始终是东亚地区和平稳定的重要力量。中国还是一个发展中国家，实现“两个
一百年”奋斗目标，需要有一个长期和平稳定的国际和周边环境。我们坚定不移地走和平发展道路，这是由中国的历史文化传统和实现现代化这个现实根本利益所决
定的，绝不因任何外界干扰或质疑而改变。中国坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴是真诚一贯的，希望以自身发展带动地区、惠及周边是发自内心的。中国坚定支持东盟明年
建成政治安全、经济、社会文化共同体，为地区稳定发展发挥积极作用。中国愿与地区国家一道，建设亚洲利益共同体、责任共同体和命运共同体。
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亚的长治久安需要有坚实的制度安排。中方正与东盟国家商讨签署“睦邻友好合作条约”，就是为双方世代和平共处提供制度框架和法律保障。中国是首个加入《东
南亚友好合作条约》的东盟对话伙伴，也愿成为首个与东盟签署友好合作条约的对话伙伴。中国和东盟国家都需要和平稳定，任何冲突都不符合本地区人民的共同利
益。中国维护领土主权的意志是明确的，维护地区和平稳定的决心也是坚定的。中国愿以商签此条约为契机，与更多地区国家探讨达成睦邻友好法律文件，推动实现
东亚持久和平。明年中国愿主办中国－东盟国防部长非正式会晤，探讨建立中国－东盟防务热线，并加强防务安全合作。中方倡导“共同、综合、合作和可持续”的
亚洲安全观，欢迎俄罗斯、印尼、印度等提出的地区安全合作原则倡议，建议峰会共同就相关安全合作理念和原则深入探讨，积累共识，为地区安全稳定做出努力。
南
海形势总体是稳定的，航行自由和安全也是有保障的。今年以来，中国与东盟国家就全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》、推进海上务实合作，进行了密切有效的对
话与沟通。我们明确了处理南海问题“双轨思路”，即有关具体争议由直接当事国在尊重历史事实和国际法基础上，通过谈判协商和平解决，南海和平稳定由中国和
东盟国家共同加以维护。我们同意积极开展磋商，在协商一致基础上早日达成“南海行为准则”。这方面已经取得了早期收获。我们同意在各国海事部门间建立海上
联合搜救热线平台，在外交部门间建立应对海上紧急事态高官热线。各方还在探讨建立南海沿岸国之间的各种交流合作机制。在寻求解决争议的过程中，中方倡议有
关国家积极探讨共同开发，这也是管控分歧现实有效的办法。邻国是不能选择的，彼此长相往来，低头不见抬头见，磕磕碰碰在所难免。中国古训说“里仁为美”，
只要我们始终秉持以诚相待、求同存异之心，就没有迈不过去的坎，爬不过去的坡。
妥善处
理朝鲜半岛核问题，事关东北亚乃至整个亚洲地区的和平稳定大局。中方主张朝鲜半岛无核化，维护半岛和东北亚长期和平稳定，支持各方继续通过对话协商和平解
决分歧。中国坚定支持东盟国家建立东南亚无核武器区的努力，已与东盟就签署《东南亚无核武器区条约》议定书达成一致。我们希望东盟与其他四个有核国加紧协
商，争取早日签署有关议定书。
恐怖主义、传染性疫病、气候变化、灾害管理等非传统安全
问题是国际社会面临的严峻挑战。缅甸作为东盟轮值主席国，提议将上述问题作为本次会议提示性议题，我们对此表示欢迎。中方支持峰会就此发表宣言或声明，显
示成员国携手应对挑战的决心。中国从自身需要出发，从中国作为发展中大国应尽的责任考虑，将努力应对气候变化，在履行节能减排目标上言必信，行必果。中国
政府向埃博拉疫区提供了价值约7.5亿元人民币的紧急援助，现有300多名专家和医护人员在疫区参加疫情防控和救治工作。我们还将增派医护人员，增加物资
支持，帮助疫区国家更好开展防疫工作。中方正在筹建“东亚应对气候变化区域研究与合作中心”，将与湄公河流域国家共同构建“青蒿素类疟疾治疗药物抗药性流
域联防机制与响应体系”，继续与有关国家联合举办地震和海上搜救演练，推动东亚非传统安全领域合作。
关于发展合作问题，关键是促进东亚经济一体化。
中
国作为世界主要经济体之一，在今后相当长时间仍然是发展中国家，实现现代化还有很长的路要走。东亚地区仍有不少发展中国家，发展仍然是东亚国家的首要任
务。中国同东盟国家的发展互为机遇。东亚峰会应将《落实<金边发展宣言>行动计划》作为未来合作指导文件，推动六个重点领域合作，努力促进东
亚经济一体化。
——推动东亚贸易投资便利化。中国与东盟自2002年启动自贸区谈判以
来，双边贸易增长了8倍，东盟十国的人均GDP增长了2倍多，中国连续5年是东盟最大贸易伙伴，东盟已成为中国第3大贸易伙伴。双方正在努力争取中国－东
盟自贸区升级版谈判尽快完成，中方愿以准入前国民待遇加负面清单模式开展投资协定谈判。中方将在未来3年提供3000万元人民币支持双方经济技术合作。中
国主张贸易自由化，致力于建设公平竞争的市场环境和法律环境。中方愿与各方一道，力争区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)在2015年底前结束谈判。我
们高兴地看到，在刚刚闭幕的北京APEC领导人非正式会议上，与会各方都支持启动亚太自贸区(FTAAP)倡议。中方对跨太平洋经济伙伴关系协定
(TPP)谈判持开放态度。各种自贸安排都可为构建公平自由的国际和地区贸易秩序发挥积极作用。
——
加快东亚互联互通。中方提出建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的倡议，就是要加强传统陆海丝绸之路沿线国家互联互通。正在筹建的亚洲基础设施投资
银行，秉持开放包容理念，与亚行、世行等现有机构形成互补，着力解决地区基础设施建设融资难问题。中方已宣布成立丝路基金，优先支持基础设施建设。中方将
向东盟国家提供100亿美元优惠性质贷款，并启动中国－东盟投资合作基金二期30亿美元的募集。中国国家开发银行还将设立100亿美元的中国－东盟基础设
施专项贷款。这些举措都有助于加快地区互联互通建设。
——扩大东亚金融合作。为避免东
亚发生较大金融动荡，我们应加强财金合作，尤其是完善清迈倡议多边化机制安排，为地区短期流动性困难提供有效解决方案。应充分发挥10+3宏观经济研究办
公室作用，提高区域金融监管协调与预警能力。各国还应扩大本币互换和跨境贸易本币结算规模，为贸易往来提供金融便利和支持。
——
加强东亚减贫合作。消除贫困仍然是东亚发展的重要任务之一。中方将在10+3会议上提出“东亚减贫合作倡议”，愿出资1亿元人民币开展乡村减贫推进计划。
中方明年将向东盟欠发达国家提供30亿元人民币无偿援助。中方愿在中国－东盟合作框架下，探讨建立澜沧江－湄公河流域国家对话合作机制，支持东盟缩小发展
差距的努力。地区国家可用好10+3大米紧急储备机制，应对突发粮食安全问题。
——推
进东亚海上合作。明年是中国－东盟海洋合作年，双方可探讨举办包括相关国家海洋部长出席的海洋合作论坛，加强海上执法机构间对话合作。总额为30亿元人民
币的中国－东盟海上合作基金的设立，为双方推进海上各领域合作提供了重要平台，双方应实施好2014年项目，并尽早启动2015年基金项目的申报工作。中
方还将提供3000万元人民币，支持“东亚海洋合作平台”建设。
——密切东亚人文交
流。东亚国家不同文明对话和文化交流有益于增进相互了解和信任。人与人的交流延伸到哪里，友谊合作之路就通向哪里。我们应继续挖掘海上丝绸之路的历史人文
内涵。中方赞赏印方为重建那烂陀大学所做努力，愿共同推动文化教育及留学生等领域合作。我们应鼓励中国－东盟思想库网络、东亚思想库网络等地区二轨合作机
制，为加强东亚人文社会领域交流、共商亚洲发展大计贡献智慧。
各位同事！
明年是东亚峰会成立10周年。峰会要继续发挥好作为领导人引领的战略论坛的作用，继续坚持东盟主导等原则，本着平等、开放、包容精神，照顾各方舒适度，就地区和全球重大议题坦诚对话，推动相关领域务实合作。
东
亚是世界最具潜力和发展前景的地区之一。东亚的兴衰荣辱不仅涉及地区各国人民福祉，而且关乎整个亚太地区的前途与命运。无论是本地区国家还是相关域外国
家，都是同一条大船上的乘客，利益攸关，休戚与共。缅甸有句谚语：“谁不向前看，谁就会遇到许多困难。”各方都是东亚合作的促进者，应该齐心协力、共襄盛
举，推动世界的和平与发展事业！
谢谢大家！
History writers _ Morinda sub
tolls to pay for so many years, not only did the road to recover costs also appear huge deficit, announced at the same time, only a flawed public data table, as a pretext to continue to dig people's pockets. This is not fair and not fair question, but the huge 80 million organization envisioned, planned, step by step, the most common way to make social plunder. Very simple, you say the loss, put the power to pay out, so no loss to dry!文史作家_海巴子
tolls to pay for so many years, not only did the road to recover costs also appear huge deficit, announced at the same time, only a flawed public data table, as a pretext to continue to dig people's pockets. This is not fair and not fair question, but the huge 80 million organization envisioned, planned, step by step, the most common way to make social plunder. Very simple, you say the loss, put the power to pay out, so no loss to dry!文史作家_海巴子
交
了那么多年过路费，公路不仅没收回成本还出现巨额亏空，发布消息的同时，只公示一张漏洞百出数据表，以此为由，继续掏百姓的腰包。这根本不是公平不公平的
问题，而是那个庞大的8000万组织有预想、有计划、有步骤，对社会的进行掠夺的最常见手法。很简单，你说亏损，就把权力交出来，让不亏损的来干！20141224肖仲华
【收
费公路年亏661亿，凭什么？】你们从来只说亏，却从不公布收了多少钱，但我们可以算出来。高速公路节假日免费
，你们说每年要少收近200亿对吧？七天少收200亿，一年365天就应收了1万多亿。这仅仅是7座以下的小车，只占全部收费的20%不到，算下来你们一
年收了至少5万亿。5万亿都被你们亏掉了？
Kelly - 15
tonight students were black police hit headshot, they really death!
High Qinrong
[comic 103 words: The Rise and Fall Linghu family Hundred Years of Solitude] http://url.cn/VAfm9T
潘虹日记（1994年）4月21日 星期四
26年了，每到这一天，我总觉得冷。这来自心底来自骨髓的寒意，是26年前，我第一次迎面遇见死亡时，他留给我的。
前天，是父亲的忌日。可真正让我感知到死亡的，是26年前的今天，在龙华火葬场门口。
雕龙的烟囱，高高的矗立在阴霾的天空下，时不时“轰”地一下，冒出一股浓浓的黑烟，在料峭的春寒里，逐渐飘散，变淡。
我呆呆地看着它，感觉着死亡。这就是所有人的最后归途。这不是童话故事里那条通往天堂的道路。童话里的天堂路是开满了鲜花，是美丽的，而这烟囱如此丑陋。
爸爸死了。终于还是死了。
这就是结果。我终于知道结果是什么了。
前一天的晚上，当我听到爸爸死讯的时候，心里就好像有一个结被松开了。我没有哭。我平静得不像他的女儿，甚至不像一个孩子。
作为一个二类右派的女儿，作为一个老是听大人们悄悄议论着哪一个相熟的叔叔伯伯阿姨又没了的十岁女孩，冥冥中早就在等待着一种模糊而又清晰的可怕的东西，早就知道自己的家总有破碎崩溃的那一天。
那个晚上，结果来了。这就是结果。一个预料中的结果。
可是，尽管听过那么多的死亡，有过那么多的准备，当死亡真正降临在自己的身边，发生在自己亲人身上的时候，总会留下一些特别深刻的东西。
对于我，那些天发生的每一件事，都是那么逼真那么鲜明地印在我的记忆里，连一个细节也不会忘记。
那个夜晚，煤气炉的水壶上温着一碗蛋炒饭，那是留给迟迟未归的母亲的。早已过了晚饭的时间，妈妈却连人影也不见，也没有一个说明她要晚归的口信请人带回。我带着妹妹和外婆面面相觑。谁也不敢问，会有什么事发生。可谁的心里都有预感，一定有什么事已经发生。
十一点多了，妈妈才回来。表情里没有什么异样，只是一件本该是淡灰色的夹衣，肩头已被屋外霏霏的冷雨淋成了深灰色。
我端蛋炒饭给她吃，她动了动筷，就打发我去睡。我刚一转身，她就对着外婆哭了。
她说爸爸死了，是自杀。昨天，吃了过量的安眠药，死了。
她说她今天去了龙华火葬场，想最后看他一眼。她在雨里站了很久，可他们不让她进。他们要她划清界线。
她回头来对我说：明天我也不能去，你给你爸爸送点东西去好吗？
好的，妈妈。我去。你别哭了。
我回答得那么冷静，连今天的我回想起来都有些诧异。
第二天一早，天还没亮，妈妈就把我叫起了床。
她打开爸爸的箱子，拿出套柞蚕丝的本白西服，一件白衬衣，一双相拼皮鞋，一双袜子，打成一个包袱，让我带去。她往我兜里塞了三十元钱，那是爸爸的一个同事打听了来告诉妈妈的，是用来收爸爸骨灰的钱。
然后，她送我上了43路公交车，把我交给了售票员。
龙华火葬场的门口，全都是和我差不多大的孩子，全都和我一样，手里提着个包袱。没有一个大人，只有替他们的父亲或母亲来承担一个结果的孩子们。
看门的老头向我招招手，示意我过去。
我走到他跟前，他问我，“来看谁？”
我默默递上死亡通知单。他接过去。看一眼通知单，又看一眼我，说，等一下，就转身进去了。
他进去了很久，寒气就一点一点侵袭了我的全身。
他终于出来了。第一句就问我有没有给爸爸带袜子。他说他一个脚光着。
我说带了。
“胸前吐得一塌糊涂，吃药死的，是不是？”他又问。
我点点头。
他停了停，又对我说：“回去不要告诉你妈妈，你爸爸的一个耳朵被撕下来一大半，挂在脸上呢。”
这一瞬间，我忽然觉得，爸爸死了，这是解脱。虽然那时的我根本还不懂得苦难的准确含义，也不懂得忍受苦难是一件多么不易的事，但我的心里对生和死就有了一种极具体的感觉。
与其那样活着，不如这样死了。
这一刻，我懂事了。
我把钱递给他。他拍拍我的头，说，“回去听话一点。”我点点头。
我觉得，那种感觉，不像是一个老人在关照一个孩子什么，倒像是两个大人在达成一种默契。
高高的烟囱雕着龙，矗立在阴霾的天空下，真丑陋。浓浓的黑烟时不时地“轰”一下冒出来，在料峭的春寒里，逐渐飘散，变淡。
我一路走，一路扭着头看它，心里就想着回去要听妈妈的话，别做任何让她失望的事。
父亲的死给我的不是悲伤，而是悟性。
他的死，使我一下子超越了时代，超越了年龄，甚至超越了痛苦。但也就在那一刻，我彻底失去了我的童年。这样一种生命层次的飞跃，使我比同龄的任何一个女孩子都更成熟，更知道怎样打理自己。因为我知道，只有照顾好自己，才能少给妈妈添麻烦。
于是，就有了一个十岁的小女孩，捧着她父亲的骨灰盒，一个人坐硬席火车，从上海到哈尔滨，整整三天二夜。为的，是要替她的母亲送她的父亲回他的老家。
四月的哈尔滨，松花江还没完全解冻。第一次出门，我什么都不懂，连害怕也不太懂得。只知道，这条路我一定要走到底，一定要把妈妈交给我的任务完成好，一定要把爸爸送回家。
北方的四月，一切都是冰冷的。
松花江是冰冷的。哈尔滨是冰冷的。父亲的骨灰是冰冷的。小女孩的心也是冰冷冰冷的。
哈尔滨，这个我生疏的城市，这个与我的生命有着一份无法割舍的亲缘的地方，让我冷得彻骨。
这种感觉，一直要到很久以后，因为拍戏常常重回哈尔滨，才慢慢暖和起来。
这些事都过去好多年了，从来没有这样详细地记述过它们。今天不知怎么的，全都涌上来了。大概是前两天看了《辛德勒的名单》的缘故。
看那些灿若春花的生命，在转瞬间就烟消云散，我就在想，人类为什么总是有那么多的浩劫，那么多的灾难。看那些犹太人在那里为生存挣扎，觉得生命真是脆弱极了，任何一点点意外都可能使它夭折。
我一直觉得人的一生其实就考虑两大问题，爱与恨，生与死。其他的一切问题都是依附在这两大主题上的。尤其是生和死，它们的来与去，都由不得我们。我们只好主宰生和死之间的那短短的一段时光。活着，就活好它。
可是，一个人要活得有尊严，要死得有尊严，都不是那么容易的事。
tonight students were black police hit headshot, they really death!
【连环话103期：百年孤独 令狐家族的兴衰】 http://url.cn/VAfm9T
High Qinrong
[comic 103 words: The Rise and Fall Linghu family Hundred Years of Solitude] http://url.cn/VAfm9T
代表建议尽快推行延迟退休：70岁身体还很好http://finance.qq.com/a/20141225/008283.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052
Representatives suggested that pension reform landing
proposal as soon as possible as quickly as possible to postpone the retirement age of employees, men raised to 65 years for women and 60 years
mentioned yesterday, the NPC Standing Committee deliberated the State Council on the integrated propulsion group Construction work of the report and rural social security system. Some members proposed to postpone the retirement age of employees as soon as possible, in order to solve the problem of pensions of employees, men up to 65 years for women to 60 years of age.
"dual system" should measure the gap between pension reform and Vice Premier of the State Council Ma Kai
made when 23 reported that in the future the party and government organs, institutions and enterprises to establish the same basic pension insurance system "dual system" will be broken. Pension reform program has been developed, and by the State Council executive meeting and by the Politburo Standing Committee.
Yesterday, the Memorial committee deliberations, said the pension reform program, the state basic pension insurance unify the remaining part of the supplementary pension depends on everyone to pay, to pay more to take on more, pay take on less and less. After the reform, the gap between agencies and institutions and pension for enterprise retirees will reduce the number between the relevant departments should be estimated.
"because of the gap between the business itself is very large, and some very good business, some companies is poor, so different companies for their employees can not pay the annuity as a supplement is not an upper limit and lower? This is not possible to control the retirement income gap? "Memorial said he hoped the state introduced a new policy can make to ease social conflicts, do not generate new social conflicts and even expand social conflicts.
for pension reform, on behalf of fine yellow flower that policy making departments sure to fall as soon as possible, as the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Policy-makers, not only from their own point of view, or to consider the issue from the perspective of a small number of sectors, should be more consideration to the people, the interests of vulnerable groups.
delay retirement recommend the implementation of flexible retirement system
Mackay at 23 to make a report that will study the development of progressive retirement age policy to improve the basic pension insurance dependency ratio.
Yesterday, Su Xiaoyun committee to consider that the current issue of retirement pay employees more prominent, if unable to pay retirement pay, the impact will be great. He said that the issue should be resolved within the system based on the implementation of enterprise employees to postpone retirement as soon as possible, "the 55-year-old male worker now retired, 50-year-old woman was retired cadres enterprise, man is 60-year-old retired woman is 55-year-old retired from the physical condition and the average life expectancy of 60-year-old, 70-year-old looks like more than 50 years of age, the body is also very good. "
Su Xiaoyun proposal, the retirement age of employees Men up to 65 years to 60 years old female. "This overcharged five (pension), less fat five (pensions), the physical condition is concerned, there is not much affected. This approach is the way in many countries of the world to solve the problem."
Mr. Lu members said, and now propose a progressive delay retirement, should be a way to have to take, but also the approach must be taken. Delayed retirement age may increase the pressure on the new job, to make reasonable arrangements for the balance between the two.
NPC Huang Xihua recommend the implementation of flexible retirement system, "provides a statutory early retirement age, a normal retirement age and a retirement age at the latest, make their choice, if you choose to delay retirement, the pension can be increased. If provides only delay retirement, I believe 100 percent of people would oppose "
Beijing News chief correspondent shut Qingfeng
representative proposed a delay retirement as soon as possible: 70-year-old body is also good
scan the QR code to listen to Tencent Finance Micro Signal, heavy financial information, financial part features a clean sweep
proposal as soon as possible as quickly as possible to postpone the retirement age of employees, men raised to 65 years for women and 60 years
mentioned yesterday, the NPC Standing Committee deliberated the State Council on the integrated propulsion group Construction work of the report and rural social security system. Some members proposed to postpone the retirement age of employees as soon as possible, in order to solve the problem of pensions of employees, men up to 65 years for women to 60 years of age.
"dual system" should measure the gap between pension reform and Vice Premier of the State Council Ma Kai
made when 23 reported that in the future the party and government organs, institutions and enterprises to establish the same basic pension insurance system "dual system" will be broken. Pension reform program has been developed, and by the State Council executive meeting and by the Politburo Standing Committee.
Yesterday, the Memorial committee deliberations, said the pension reform program, the state basic pension insurance unify the remaining part of the supplementary pension depends on everyone to pay, to pay more to take on more, pay take on less and less. After the reform, the gap between agencies and institutions and pension for enterprise retirees will reduce the number between the relevant departments should be estimated.
"because of the gap between the business itself is very large, and some very good business, some companies is poor, so different companies for their employees can not pay the annuity as a supplement is not an upper limit and lower? This is not possible to control the retirement income gap? "Memorial said he hoped the state introduced a new policy can make to ease social conflicts, do not generate new social conflicts and even expand social conflicts.
for pension reform, on behalf of fine yellow flower that policy making departments sure to fall as soon as possible, as the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Policy-makers, not only from their own point of view, or to consider the issue from the perspective of a small number of sectors, should be more consideration to the people, the interests of vulnerable groups.
delay retirement recommend the implementation of flexible retirement system
Mackay at 23 to make a report that will study the development of progressive retirement age policy to improve the basic pension insurance dependency ratio.
Yesterday, Su Xiaoyun committee to consider that the current issue of retirement pay employees more prominent, if unable to pay retirement pay, the impact will be great. He said that the issue should be resolved within the system based on the implementation of enterprise employees to postpone retirement as soon as possible, "the 55-year-old male worker now retired, 50-year-old woman was retired cadres enterprise, man is 60-year-old retired woman is 55-year-old retired from the physical condition and the average life expectancy of 60-year-old, 70-year-old looks like more than 50 years of age, the body is also very good. "
Su Xiaoyun proposal, the retirement age of employees Men up to 65 years to 60 years old female. "This overcharged five (pension), less fat five (pensions), the physical condition is concerned, there is not much affected. This approach is the way in many countries of the world to solve the problem."
Mr. Lu members said, and now propose a progressive delay retirement, should be a way to have to take, but also the approach must be taken. Delayed retirement age may increase the pressure on the new job, to make reasonable arrangements for the balance between the two.
NPC Huang Xihua recommend the implementation of flexible retirement system, "provides a statutory early retirement age, a normal retirement age and a retirement age at the latest, make their choice, if you choose to delay retirement, the pension can be increased. If provides only delay retirement, I believe 100 percent of people would oppose "
Beijing News chief correspondent shut Qingfeng
representative proposed a delay retirement as soon as possible: 70-year-old body is also good
scan the QR code to listen to Tencent Finance Micro Signal, heavy financial information, financial part features a clean sweep
代表建议养老金改革尽快落地
建议尽快推迟企业员工退休年龄，男性提至65岁，女性提至60岁
昨日，全国人大常委会分组审议国务院关于统筹推进城乡社保体系建设工作情况的报告。有委员建议尽快推迟企业员工退休年龄，以解决企业员工退休金的问题，男性提高到65岁，女性提高到60岁。
“双轨制” 应测算改革后退休金差距
昨日，杨震委员审议时说，养老金改革方案中，国家把基本养老保险统一起来，剩下补充的部分取决于大家交的年金，交的多拿的就多，交的少拿的就少。实行改革后，机关事业单位和企业退休人员退休金之间的差距会缩小多少，相关部门应该进行测算。
“因
为企业之间本身的差距也非常大，有的企业经营非常好，有的企业很差，所以不同企业为职工交的年金不可能一样，补充的一块是不是有上限和下限？这样是不是可
以控制退休收入差距？”杨震说，希望国家出台新政策，能使得社会矛盾得到缓解，不要产生新的社会矛盾甚至扩大社会矛盾。
对于养老金改革，黄细花代表说，决策部门一定要将政策尽快落地，人社部作为政策制定者，不能只从自己角度，或者从少数部门的角度考虑问题，应该更多地考虑到老百姓、弱势群体的利益。
延迟退休 建议实行弹性退休制度
马凯23日作报告时说，将研究制定渐进式延迟退休年龄政策，改善职工基本养老保险抚养比。
昨
日，苏晓云委员审议时说，目前企业员工退休工资的问题比较突出，一旦发不出退休工资，影响会很大。他说，这一问题应立足于体制内解决，尽快实施企业员工推
迟退休，“现在工人男的55岁退休，女的是50岁退休。企业的干部，男的是60岁退休，女的是55岁退休。从身体状况和平均寿命来看，60多岁、70岁看
起来就像50多岁的人，身体还很好。”
苏晓云建议，把企业员工的退休年龄男性提高到65岁，女性提高到60岁。“这样多收五年(养老保险)，少发五年(养老金)，从身体状况来讲，没有多大影响。这个办法也是世界上很多国家解决问题的办法。”
吕祖善委员说，现在提出渐进式地延迟退休，应该是一个不得不采取的办法，也是必须采取的办法。延迟退休年龄可能增加新就业的压力，要合理安排两者之间的平衡。
全国人大代表黄细花建议实行弹性退休制度，“规定一个法定最早退休年龄、一个正常退休年龄和一个最迟退休年龄，让自己选择，如果选择延迟退休，退休金可以增加。如果只规定延迟退休，我相信100%的人都会反对的。”
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温军
抓
100个令狐冲…康师傅… 财厚
都抵不上替老百姓减轻税负更重要！反腐反到今天，国内的任何不合理的税收、收费政策没有得到丝毫改善。成品油、社会统筹、养老医疗金缴纳、公交出行、住
房、教育非但未降，反而上升。抓贪官跟老百姓有半毛钱关系吗？今天，谁还为抓了几个贪官而高兴！你们自娱自乐去吧。
Democracy is about, but the sill Zhang Qian
再转发一篇 民主是绕不过的坎 张千帆Tong Yang's space husbandry牧阳童的空间
http://blog.wanxia.com/48409/diaryshow_24052.html
In recent years, the "Left" has been criticized liberals to take advantage of China's shortcomings than others, himself opposite, trying to highlight the achievements of China, other countries exaggerate flaws. Earlier this year, domestic media also thrown two articles, one warning "Western-style democracy trap", a "demonstration", "Chinese model of democracy." Later, the director of the Research Center of Fudan University, Zhang Wei, China's development model for the publication "clarification about" freedom, democracy, human rights, "the cognitive blind" (published in the "Beijing Daily" July 7, 2014) article, claiming that these universal long-term value in the West is "privileged few", but gradually the past 50 years the share of different races and genders. These remarks side continued to sing the "China model" hymn, one side is trying to render the "crisis of democracy", trying to create a "scenery here is good" atmosphere. In fact, these short reviews of talking, vague and weak, flawed, can only be regarded as public rally. So far, the most representative system in this area is still Zhang Wei for his "China shock." Note 1
China Thesis http://www.xzbu.com/4/view-6372504.htm
"China shock" central argument is that the country's democratic transition annihilated - from East Asia to Eastern Europe, Western constitutional model does not replicate a successful example, and "proof" tool can be said to show the domestic leftist "treasure chest." In this time to time "by numbers" but no one comments throughout popular books in Western countries seem senile rule of law, Huitianfali, copy the Western model of transition countries is agitated, Aihong, struggling in "dire straits" among the vitality of China and are inexorably "rise of civilization." Author reportedly walked more than 100 countries, concluded that, "said the general, the development of China's most successful." Note 2 not only in Warsaw, Budapest than in Shanghai, "at least a decade behind," even the subway in New York and rotten and broken do not like Shanghai, Note 3 last even "proof" that "many Shanghai residents have wealth and standard of living higher than Switzerland," the Shocking language. Note 4
these anti-sense conclusion is that about? I browsed this masterpiece, roughly tease out the following seven methods for readers who do not want to be fooled reference.
First, the choice of evaluation criteria evasive, clinging one pair of their most favorable GDP, and thus summarize all the people's living standards. GDP is a measure of a country's economy is undoubtedly the strength and an important indicator of living standards, but apparently not the only targets. Not to mention that this indicator itself may have a considerable moisture in rampant corruption, severe environmental damage, the gap between rich and poor widening today, in the positive sense has long been questioned. However, throughout the book to take China's GDP that matter, but also know that even though the official figures do not mean much. Not only economic growth can not cover all aspects far the degree of civilization and the standard of living, in fact, even with the most far China's per capita income or any decent GDP growth, even with the author behind the per capita purchasing power (PPP) to measure, it could not be the Chinese "nice view" conclusion. According to World Bank statistics of 2012, China ranked 213 in 113 economies, indeed the clear leader in India and the Philippines; but was ranked portrayed a dark picture of Hungary 72, China's per capita purchasing power is two-fold; more "unbearable" Bulgaria ranked 91, China's per capita purchasing power beyond the half. Note 5
two object selection in the sweeping, specifically "pick any punches either pinch." India will inevitably be a target, because the 1950 constitutional independence of the country and contemporary China is almost the same age, but it has not been able to get rid of poverty. Not only India, other Southeast Asian countries seem to escape the Western democracy "bad luck." The Philippines is another fast as China's economic development, "punches": "American democracy did not bring prosperity to the people and the wealthy, but unrest and poor, fortunes changed rapidly decline by Sheng." Note 6 finally concluded, Most people in these countries that "democratic transition failed to improve their lives." Note 7 of the collision without mentioning that the UK economy, the United States, Japan and other capitalist countries postwar takeoff and political democratization exactly synchronized, democratization in Korea, China Taiwan region did not hinder their economic development. Economic development depends more on the quality and degree of social stability democratization. Autocracy certainly can temporarily maintain social stability and economic growth, but in the long run perilous; democratization may cause social unrest, but as long to consolidate democratic gains, then the resulting necessity to create a lasting peace and stability conducive to sustainable development of economy and society.
three causal attribution in the simple one-sided, the economic backwardness of the fault of all the blame democracy. The number of columns in the book of the problems of Indian democracy, such as low efficiency - the Indian government five years to transform a 6000 slum; for example, voters and politicians under democracy is subject to short-term interests, can not proceed from the overall long-term interests of Indian society, Mumbai's infrastructure because of local interests and long-term containment lag. Another example of democratic government leniency, in order to please the voters to win elections, not to control population growth, not an iron fist to break the "vested interests." Note 8 of the caste system in India is undoubtedly restricted the social development, and the authors believe that democracy is better strongman politics, can not eliminate the evils of the caste system, Note 9 to assert Western political system but for the personality, not for common, leading to the prevalence of populism, social disintegration and India serious disorder, India Muslim sects and denominations, "almost every large-scale conflict every year." Note 10
democracy indeed susceptible to short-term interests of the constraints, but does not take full responsibility for social development is lagging behind. The same system may well produce different economic performance in countries with different cultures. Caste and religious culture of India created a national character, the people are accustomed to Anpinyuedao life, and this is democracy can not be changed. In fact, as Professor Qin Hui noted that India is largely due to economic backwardness "socialist" to implement its long-term economic policy, and Note 11 while not directly related to politics and democracy. The author himself admits, caste and ethnic fragmentation is not democracy itself evil. From historical experience, India, the United States and other countries, the constitutional democratic government itself often only prevent discrimination, but was powerless to prevent spontaneous social discrimination. May wish to change the angle, even if unable to correct the democratic traditions of the evil, the results of authoritarian dictatorship would be better? Over the past decades, the political movement in China one after another to overturn its own cultural traditions, and the community has paid a huge price, itself already answered this question. For India, such a multi-ethnic, multi-faith, multi-lingual country, maintaining 60 years of peaceful reunification is a very remarkable achievement, there is no "Great Famine" "Revolution" and the various political movements of the people toss occurred during this period; If the system of authoritarian politics in India, I'm afraid frequent long civil war, disintegration.
four with personal impressions instead of objective judgment, with one or two incidents, one or two chatting, one of two sets of data do not fly, give the whole fight democratic transition fail. India asserted that educational backwardness of many voters are illiterate, well lie, as long as you can get small favors, so democracy is not suitable for backward countries like India, but it seems to support this conclusion only their own subjective imagination. If you see the recent elections in India, with a population of close to China's big country, more than 1,000 political parties, but calm and steady elect their prime minister and more than 550 of the "People's Court", the author will change conclusion? Note 12 in the "China shock", not only in Thailand, Indonesia and other countries in transition are "bad democracy" and even South Korea, China Taiwan region also lack of "judicial independence" and "civic culture" and "quality of democracy really can not compliment" Note 13 This conclusion is based on nothing more than the election of Taiwan's "shooting" and individual emergencies. For never been to Taiwan or just to travel a few days of people, the Taiwanese democracy seems only shot, money politics, the Legislative Yuan fight ......
In this graffiti-style description, Eastern Europe, the scene is not much better . The author quotes an unnamed surname unknown "Hungarian senior political scientist," the transformation of Eastern Europe expressed extreme disappointment. It is said that poll, "60 percent of people think that Qatar was the happiest period of time", note 14, but I found no such findings. Most of these countries make the transition have been seized property hapless West Foundation, "where a large number of self-serving politicians struggle for power, leading to widespread disappointment government people." Note 15. But Anyway, here's "the people" who seems to Hungary, "political scientist." Hungary were lucky foundation better. Eastern European countries that joined the EU in ten worst Bulgaria is unbearable, "the police, the judicial system are in collusion with the underworld, to become the new EU member countries, the most corrupt"; ballot elections at all levels of the street is said to be able to buy from the grassroots to the presidential election has clearly marked, note 16 I do not know what the basis for this argument. If Bulgaria really so indiscriminate, had been able to let it join the European Union, is really incredible.
fact, corrupt democracy, then serious, not serious corruption and autocracy, and the reason why democracy looks corruption, despotism, but looks "clean", often because the latter without the former freedom of the press, and tap corruption are difficult, risky. Even so, the published data do not support the conclusion that democracy necessarily lead to corruption, especially in the control after our own situation. According to "Transparency International" 175 countries in 2013 statistics, the region's clean degree rankings, China ranked No. 80, in the middle position, India and the Philippines tied for 94. India and the Philippines, said political "corruption", but "the kettle black." According to "China shock" argument, too dark black democracy in Eastern Europe, but the data show that is not the case: Hungary ranked 47, ranked 77 in Bulgaria, all Eastern European transition countries than China lead. Note 17 of democracy in these countries, said "corruption", then to China's non-democratic politics how to evaluate it? Not to mention the difficulty of high corruption investigations, corruption "index" subjective and arbitrary large. If respondents know that China is a small section-level cadres could divert billions of funds, a deputy director of the Department of Energy on the home possession of hundreds of millions in cash, the commission actually burned several site inspections department counter, note 18 am afraid China Corruption Index also plummeting. In this sense, saying that "democracy is better than tyranny worse again" is not an exaggeration. Note 19
five unilateral discredit, refused contrast, when others in denouncing silent about their own problems. For example, in the book when it comes to India's "green index" poor, but then China's own large-scale ecological damage understatement. I checked the Yale University published "Environmental Performance Index" (EPI). Note 20 in the 2014 survey of 178 countries and regions, the top five countries are Switzerland, Australia, Luxembourg, Singapore, Czech Republic. India ranked 155, really backward, but China ranked 118, is not much better. In fact, the reason why China is better than India integrated indicators, mainly because the health effects of the environment to get better control, climate and energy substantially ahead of India, while agriculture, forestry, fishery resources are behind India, air pollution is the penultimate three (176, India 174), but these are not set to the word in the book, or even mention it all and had a "can overcome the difficulties ahead" area.
"China shock" the transformation of democracy and the rule of law and devoid of any merit, but never in control of China's own state of democracy and the rule of law - can not be controlled, because GDP is China's only strength, democracy and the rule of law is weak compared to East Asia States also our weaknesses. And democracy compared to the rule of law index is more optimistic. According to the 2012-2013 assessment of the "World Justice Project", Chinese justice index ranking in 97 countries, 69, came in behind Vietnam. By contrast, the top 46 is portrayed chaotic Thailand, South Korea ranked 19, only after the United States. Actually boasted of, the democracy and the rule of law in South Korea and China Taiwan region batch was worthless, but the conclusions of the survey data to the contrary. British "Economist" in 2012, statistics show that South Korea ranked 20 in the 167 countries participating in the survey, in the United States (21), even before Japan (23). China Taiwan and India were ranked 35, 38, belongs to the "flawed democracy", but fundamental, is still regarded as the overall health of democracy, especially in many of India's population, economic poverty, poor education, but still maintain a 60-year peace periodic elections say that it is a remarkable achievement. These countries or regions is proud to live up to its name in East Asia, to the "China shock" but all became negative image. Eastern European transition countries generally ranked between 40 and 50, Bulgaria 54 ranking last one. Compared with these countries, China's current ranking (first 141) optimism is hard up.
six other countries is distorted system, confuse the public. "China shock" slander press freedom, freedom of the press in order to illustrate what country are not absolute: "The United States does not allow coverage of Osama bin Laden speak English allowed to praise Hitler, Japan does not allow criticism of the Emperor, the King of Thailand does not allow open joke "Note 21 But in fact, the United States reported that the law does not prohibit speech of Osama bin Laden;. The reason why you do not see Bin Laden speech, because the mainstream media will not report a litany of terrorist leader's words. Britain is forbidden to deny the existence of the Holocaust facts, not praise Hitler comments; praise or condemn anyone, citizens are free to choose the values, the state can not prohibit or fussy. Japan and Thailand did not allow criticism of the emperor or king, but only a single ban it, the ability to fully control the media and directly to the media under the control of the content of the instruction compare it? In order to demonstrate "Which country is not freedom of the press", only confuse the public. And not surprisingly, the Chinese position on freedom of speech and the network closer to the democracy index than later.
seven unscrupulous self-beautification, under the control by public opinion to tout controls. The 2010 survey by the Pew Research Center references (PEW Global Attitudes Project) display, up to 87% of the Chinese people for national "satisfactory", while the United States and France, the figures were 30% and 26%. Note 22 in the media under strict control of the environment, such internal polling data is meaningless, even if foreign institutions also do not change this conclusion. In fact, I looked up the website, note 23 found that this set of data is very tricky. Questionnaire asking about the development of the country "direction" of satisfaction, but since 2002 the data from sparse, many countries only one or two digits. In 2013, China's "Satisfaction" is still high. This year more than 80% of the only two countries, and the other is in Malaysia, but it is in addition to the 2007 survey, there is no other figure. Such "three days fishing, two days drying nets," the survey how much credibility? In the news highly controlled, people can not question the state of the mainstream media, and this figure how much significance?
cited more reliable if the happiness index, China's superiority is far less obvious. 2010-2012, The Earth Institute at Columbia University has a comprehensive investigation happiness 156 countries and released the "2013 World Happiness Report." Note 24 ranked China 93 before (111), Hungary (110) and India, but behind the Philippines, and Kazakhstan, Croatia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (respectively 57,58,59,60), Albania ( 62), Belarus (66), Russia (68), Lithuania (70), Estonia (71) and other Central and Eastern European transition countries are ranked relative to front, and even Ukraine, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Romania (87, 88, respectively, 89, 90) are ahead of China. If depth with "colored glasses," the choice of materials, a favorable image of their own to use, do not adverse, then the result can only be self-deception.
"China shock" a problem of too many books. I do not want to totally deny "China shock" or any kind of domestic leftist point of view. "China shock" book "value" is not convincing in its view, but it allows us to reflect on democracy itself, in particular, why the development of democracy in India was quite good, but not long in poverty, and also failed to protect the environment? In fact, Western scholars and critics are constantly reflect on their own system. This phenomenon manifests itself in the constitutional system healthy. No matter how perfect the design of the system, in practice can not be perfect, will have shortcomings, weaknesses, and thus need to criticism and supervision, so that it can correct errors and progress. Unfortunately, quite a few "left" opportunistic, tolerated by the democratic institutions of democracy and freedom of criticism as to discredit the stain, grab a little, exaggerate and confuse. Actually write problems, China's public power corruption, forced blood demolition, environmental destruction ...... How many books can write to? Once domestic critics were suppressed, but the situation of foreign citizens uninformed, such as "China shock" and brought home some of the media to mislead public opinion is particularly worthy of attention of.
whether domestic "leftist" What kind of democracy both good and bad, but democracy is Kaner any normal country around. Its discredit democracy, promote the "quintessence" deliberately find some democratic countries as an unsuccessful escape the psychological comfort of democracy, even at distorting the facts to "demonstrate" a given conclusion, it is better to face their own problems and remedy. After all, good people bad after all, is someone else; they got sick, but refused to take medicine, in the end harm or their own.
(The author is a professor at Peking University Constitution)
(Editor Hung Chen fast)
China Thesis http://www.xzbu.com/4/view-6372504.htm
"China shock" central argument is that the country's democratic transition annihilated - from East Asia to Eastern Europe, Western constitutional model does not replicate a successful example, and "proof" tool can be said to show the domestic leftist "treasure chest." In this time to time "by numbers" but no one comments throughout popular books in Western countries seem senile rule of law, Huitianfali, copy the Western model of transition countries is agitated, Aihong, struggling in "dire straits" among the vitality of China and are inexorably "rise of civilization." Author reportedly walked more than 100 countries, concluded that, "said the general, the development of China's most successful." Note 2 not only in Warsaw, Budapest than in Shanghai, "at least a decade behind," even the subway in New York and rotten and broken do not like Shanghai, Note 3 last even "proof" that "many Shanghai residents have wealth and standard of living higher than Switzerland," the Shocking language. Note 4
these anti-sense conclusion is that about? I browsed this masterpiece, roughly tease out the following seven methods for readers who do not want to be fooled reference.
First, the choice of evaluation criteria evasive, clinging one pair of their most favorable GDP, and thus summarize all the people's living standards. GDP is a measure of a country's economy is undoubtedly the strength and an important indicator of living standards, but apparently not the only targets. Not to mention that this indicator itself may have a considerable moisture in rampant corruption, severe environmental damage, the gap between rich and poor widening today, in the positive sense has long been questioned. However, throughout the book to take China's GDP that matter, but also know that even though the official figures do not mean much. Not only economic growth can not cover all aspects far the degree of civilization and the standard of living, in fact, even with the most far China's per capita income or any decent GDP growth, even with the author behind the per capita purchasing power (PPP) to measure, it could not be the Chinese "nice view" conclusion. According to World Bank statistics of 2012, China ranked 213 in 113 economies, indeed the clear leader in India and the Philippines; but was ranked portrayed a dark picture of Hungary 72, China's per capita purchasing power is two-fold; more "unbearable" Bulgaria ranked 91, China's per capita purchasing power beyond the half. Note 5
two object selection in the sweeping, specifically "pick any punches either pinch." India will inevitably be a target, because the 1950 constitutional independence of the country and contemporary China is almost the same age, but it has not been able to get rid of poverty. Not only India, other Southeast Asian countries seem to escape the Western democracy "bad luck." The Philippines is another fast as China's economic development, "punches": "American democracy did not bring prosperity to the people and the wealthy, but unrest and poor, fortunes changed rapidly decline by Sheng." Note 6 finally concluded, Most people in these countries that "democratic transition failed to improve their lives." Note 7 of the collision without mentioning that the UK economy, the United States, Japan and other capitalist countries postwar takeoff and political democratization exactly synchronized, democratization in Korea, China Taiwan region did not hinder their economic development. Economic development depends more on the quality and degree of social stability democratization. Autocracy certainly can temporarily maintain social stability and economic growth, but in the long run perilous; democratization may cause social unrest, but as long to consolidate democratic gains, then the resulting necessity to create a lasting peace and stability conducive to sustainable development of economy and society.
three causal attribution in the simple one-sided, the economic backwardness of the fault of all the blame democracy. The number of columns in the book of the problems of Indian democracy, such as low efficiency - the Indian government five years to transform a 6000 slum; for example, voters and politicians under democracy is subject to short-term interests, can not proceed from the overall long-term interests of Indian society, Mumbai's infrastructure because of local interests and long-term containment lag. Another example of democratic government leniency, in order to please the voters to win elections, not to control population growth, not an iron fist to break the "vested interests." Note 8 of the caste system in India is undoubtedly restricted the social development, and the authors believe that democracy is better strongman politics, can not eliminate the evils of the caste system, Note 9 to assert Western political system but for the personality, not for common, leading to the prevalence of populism, social disintegration and India serious disorder, India Muslim sects and denominations, "almost every large-scale conflict every year." Note 10
democracy indeed susceptible to short-term interests of the constraints, but does not take full responsibility for social development is lagging behind. The same system may well produce different economic performance in countries with different cultures. Caste and religious culture of India created a national character, the people are accustomed to Anpinyuedao life, and this is democracy can not be changed. In fact, as Professor Qin Hui noted that India is largely due to economic backwardness "socialist" to implement its long-term economic policy, and Note 11 while not directly related to politics and democracy. The author himself admits, caste and ethnic fragmentation is not democracy itself evil. From historical experience, India, the United States and other countries, the constitutional democratic government itself often only prevent discrimination, but was powerless to prevent spontaneous social discrimination. May wish to change the angle, even if unable to correct the democratic traditions of the evil, the results of authoritarian dictatorship would be better? Over the past decades, the political movement in China one after another to overturn its own cultural traditions, and the community has paid a huge price, itself already answered this question. For India, such a multi-ethnic, multi-faith, multi-lingual country, maintaining 60 years of peaceful reunification is a very remarkable achievement, there is no "Great Famine" "Revolution" and the various political movements of the people toss occurred during this period; If the system of authoritarian politics in India, I'm afraid frequent long civil war, disintegration.
four with personal impressions instead of objective judgment, with one or two incidents, one or two chatting, one of two sets of data do not fly, give the whole fight democratic transition fail. India asserted that educational backwardness of many voters are illiterate, well lie, as long as you can get small favors, so democracy is not suitable for backward countries like India, but it seems to support this conclusion only their own subjective imagination. If you see the recent elections in India, with a population of close to China's big country, more than 1,000 political parties, but calm and steady elect their prime minister and more than 550 of the "People's Court", the author will change conclusion? Note 12 in the "China shock", not only in Thailand, Indonesia and other countries in transition are "bad democracy" and even South Korea, China Taiwan region also lack of "judicial independence" and "civic culture" and "quality of democracy really can not compliment" Note 13 This conclusion is based on nothing more than the election of Taiwan's "shooting" and individual emergencies. For never been to Taiwan or just to travel a few days of people, the Taiwanese democracy seems only shot, money politics, the Legislative Yuan fight ......
In this graffiti-style description, Eastern Europe, the scene is not much better . The author quotes an unnamed surname unknown "Hungarian senior political scientist," the transformation of Eastern Europe expressed extreme disappointment. It is said that poll, "60 percent of people think that Qatar was the happiest period of time", note 14, but I found no such findings. Most of these countries make the transition have been seized property hapless West Foundation, "where a large number of self-serving politicians struggle for power, leading to widespread disappointment government people." Note 15. But Anyway, here's "the people" who seems to Hungary, "political scientist." Hungary were lucky foundation better. Eastern European countries that joined the EU in ten worst Bulgaria is unbearable, "the police, the judicial system are in collusion with the underworld, to become the new EU member countries, the most corrupt"; ballot elections at all levels of the street is said to be able to buy from the grassroots to the presidential election has clearly marked, note 16 I do not know what the basis for this argument. If Bulgaria really so indiscriminate, had been able to let it join the European Union, is really incredible.
fact, corrupt democracy, then serious, not serious corruption and autocracy, and the reason why democracy looks corruption, despotism, but looks "clean", often because the latter without the former freedom of the press, and tap corruption are difficult, risky. Even so, the published data do not support the conclusion that democracy necessarily lead to corruption, especially in the control after our own situation. According to "Transparency International" 175 countries in 2013 statistics, the region's clean degree rankings, China ranked No. 80, in the middle position, India and the Philippines tied for 94. India and the Philippines, said political "corruption", but "the kettle black." According to "China shock" argument, too dark black democracy in Eastern Europe, but the data show that is not the case: Hungary ranked 47, ranked 77 in Bulgaria, all Eastern European transition countries than China lead. Note 17 of democracy in these countries, said "corruption", then to China's non-democratic politics how to evaluate it? Not to mention the difficulty of high corruption investigations, corruption "index" subjective and arbitrary large. If respondents know that China is a small section-level cadres could divert billions of funds, a deputy director of the Department of Energy on the home possession of hundreds of millions in cash, the commission actually burned several site inspections department counter, note 18 am afraid China Corruption Index also plummeting. In this sense, saying that "democracy is better than tyranny worse again" is not an exaggeration. Note 19
five unilateral discredit, refused contrast, when others in denouncing silent about their own problems. For example, in the book when it comes to India's "green index" poor, but then China's own large-scale ecological damage understatement. I checked the Yale University published "Environmental Performance Index" (EPI). Note 20 in the 2014 survey of 178 countries and regions, the top five countries are Switzerland, Australia, Luxembourg, Singapore, Czech Republic. India ranked 155, really backward, but China ranked 118, is not much better. In fact, the reason why China is better than India integrated indicators, mainly because the health effects of the environment to get better control, climate and energy substantially ahead of India, while agriculture, forestry, fishery resources are behind India, air pollution is the penultimate three (176, India 174), but these are not set to the word in the book, or even mention it all and had a "can overcome the difficulties ahead" area.
"China shock" the transformation of democracy and the rule of law and devoid of any merit, but never in control of China's own state of democracy and the rule of law - can not be controlled, because GDP is China's only strength, democracy and the rule of law is weak compared to East Asia States also our weaknesses. And democracy compared to the rule of law index is more optimistic. According to the 2012-2013 assessment of the "World Justice Project", Chinese justice index ranking in 97 countries, 69, came in behind Vietnam. By contrast, the top 46 is portrayed chaotic Thailand, South Korea ranked 19, only after the United States. Actually boasted of, the democracy and the rule of law in South Korea and China Taiwan region batch was worthless, but the conclusions of the survey data to the contrary. British "Economist" in 2012, statistics show that South Korea ranked 20 in the 167 countries participating in the survey, in the United States (21), even before Japan (23). China Taiwan and India were ranked 35, 38, belongs to the "flawed democracy", but fundamental, is still regarded as the overall health of democracy, especially in many of India's population, economic poverty, poor education, but still maintain a 60-year peace periodic elections say that it is a remarkable achievement. These countries or regions is proud to live up to its name in East Asia, to the "China shock" but all became negative image. Eastern European transition countries generally ranked between 40 and 50, Bulgaria 54 ranking last one. Compared with these countries, China's current ranking (first 141) optimism is hard up.
six other countries is distorted system, confuse the public. "China shock" slander press freedom, freedom of the press in order to illustrate what country are not absolute: "The United States does not allow coverage of Osama bin Laden speak English allowed to praise Hitler, Japan does not allow criticism of the Emperor, the King of Thailand does not allow open joke "Note 21 But in fact, the United States reported that the law does not prohibit speech of Osama bin Laden;. The reason why you do not see Bin Laden speech, because the mainstream media will not report a litany of terrorist leader's words. Britain is forbidden to deny the existence of the Holocaust facts, not praise Hitler comments; praise or condemn anyone, citizens are free to choose the values, the state can not prohibit or fussy. Japan and Thailand did not allow criticism of the emperor or king, but only a single ban it, the ability to fully control the media and directly to the media under the control of the content of the instruction compare it? In order to demonstrate "Which country is not freedom of the press", only confuse the public. And not surprisingly, the Chinese position on freedom of speech and the network closer to the democracy index than later.
seven unscrupulous self-beautification, under the control by public opinion to tout controls. The 2010 survey by the Pew Research Center references (PEW Global Attitudes Project) display, up to 87% of the Chinese people for national "satisfactory", while the United States and France, the figures were 30% and 26%. Note 22 in the media under strict control of the environment, such internal polling data is meaningless, even if foreign institutions also do not change this conclusion. In fact, I looked up the website, note 23 found that this set of data is very tricky. Questionnaire asking about the development of the country "direction" of satisfaction, but since 2002 the data from sparse, many countries only one or two digits. In 2013, China's "Satisfaction" is still high. This year more than 80% of the only two countries, and the other is in Malaysia, but it is in addition to the 2007 survey, there is no other figure. Such "three days fishing, two days drying nets," the survey how much credibility? In the news highly controlled, people can not question the state of the mainstream media, and this figure how much significance?
cited more reliable if the happiness index, China's superiority is far less obvious. 2010-2012, The Earth Institute at Columbia University has a comprehensive investigation happiness 156 countries and released the "2013 World Happiness Report." Note 24 ranked China 93 before (111), Hungary (110) and India, but behind the Philippines, and Kazakhstan, Croatia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (respectively 57,58,59,60), Albania ( 62), Belarus (66), Russia (68), Lithuania (70), Estonia (71) and other Central and Eastern European transition countries are ranked relative to front, and even Ukraine, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Romania (87, 88, respectively, 89, 90) are ahead of China. If depth with "colored glasses," the choice of materials, a favorable image of their own to use, do not adverse, then the result can only be self-deception.
"China shock" a problem of too many books. I do not want to totally deny "China shock" or any kind of domestic leftist point of view. "China shock" book "value" is not convincing in its view, but it allows us to reflect on democracy itself, in particular, why the development of democracy in India was quite good, but not long in poverty, and also failed to protect the environment? In fact, Western scholars and critics are constantly reflect on their own system. This phenomenon manifests itself in the constitutional system healthy. No matter how perfect the design of the system, in practice can not be perfect, will have shortcomings, weaknesses, and thus need to criticism and supervision, so that it can correct errors and progress. Unfortunately, quite a few "left" opportunistic, tolerated by the democratic institutions of democracy and freedom of criticism as to discredit the stain, grab a little, exaggerate and confuse. Actually write problems, China's public power corruption, forced blood demolition, environmental destruction ...... How many books can write to? Once domestic critics were suppressed, but the situation of foreign citizens uninformed, such as "China shock" and brought home some of the media to mislead public opinion is particularly worthy of attention of.
whether domestic "leftist" What kind of democracy both good and bad, but democracy is Kaner any normal country around. Its discredit democracy, promote the "quintessence" deliberately find some democratic countries as an unsuccessful escape the psychological comfort of democracy, even at distorting the facts to "demonstrate" a given conclusion, it is better to face their own problems and remedy. After all, good people bad after all, is someone else; they got sick, but refused to take medicine, in the end harm or their own.
(The author is a professor at Peking University Constitution)
(Editor Hung Chen fast)
近年来，国内“左派”
一直批评自由派拿中国的缺点比别人的优点，自己则反其道而行之，竭力突出中国成就、夸大别国缺陷。今年早些时候，国内媒体同时抛出两篇文章，一篇警告“西
式民主陷阱”，一篇“论证”“中国民主模式”。稍后，复旦大学中国发展模式研究中心主任张维为发表《澄清关于“自由、民主、人权”的认知盲点》（刊于《北
京日报》2014年7月7日）一文，宣称这些普世价值在西方长期是“少数人的特权”，只是近50年来才逐渐为不同种族和性别所共享。这些言论一面继续大唱
“中国模式”赞歌，一面则想方设法渲染“民主危机”，竭力营造“风景这边独好”的氛围。其实，这些短篇评论自说自话、空泛无力、漏洞百出，只能算是舆论造
势。迄今为止，在这个方面的最系统的代表作仍然是张维为自己的《中国震撼》。注1
中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/4/view-6372504.htm
《中国震撼》的中心论点是民主转型 的国家全军覆没――从东亚到东欧，西方宪政模式没有复制出一个成功的例子，而“论证”工具则可以说展示了国内左派的“百宝箱”。在这本不时“用数字说话” 却通篇没有一个注释的通俗读物中，西方法治国家显得老态龙钟、回天乏力，照搬西方模式的转型国家更是水土不服、哀鸿一片，挣扎在“水深火热”之中，而生机 盎然的中国正不可阻挡地“文明崛起”。据说作者走了100多个国家，结论是“总体上说，发展最成功的就是中国”。注2不仅华沙、布达佩斯比上海“至少落后 十年”，连地铁又破又烂的纽约都不如上海，注3最后甚至“论证”出“许多上海市民拥有的财富和生活水平高于瑞士”的惊世骇俗之语。注4
这些反常识结论是如何产生的？我浏览了这部大作，大致梳理出以下七种方法，仅供那些不想被忽悠的读者参考。
一是在评价标准选择上避重就轻，死 抱住一个对自己最有利的GDP，并以此概括人民生活水平的全部。GDP无疑是衡量一国经济实力和生活水平的重要指标，但显然并非是唯一指标。且不说这个指 标本身可能带有相当水分，在贪污腐败横行、环境破坏严重、贫富差距不断拉大的今天，其积极意义早已受到质疑。然而，全书通篇拿中国的GDP总量说事，而即 便官方也知道这个数字没有太大意义。不仅经济增长速度远不能涵盖文明程度乃至生活水准的各个方面，其实即便用迄今为止中国最拿得出手的人均收入或GDP增 长，即便用作者力挺的人均购买力（PPP）来衡量，也得不出中国“风景独好”的结论。据世界银行2012年统计，中国在213个经济体中排位113，确实 明显领先于印度和菲律宾；但是被作者描写得一团漆黑的匈牙利排名72，人均购买力是中国的2倍；更为“不堪”的保加利亚排名91，人均购买力超出中国一 半。注5
二是在对象选择上以偏概全，专门 “捡软柿子捏”。印度免不了是一个靶子，因为这个1950年立宪独立的国家几乎和当代中国同龄，却一直未能摆脱贫困。不仅印度，其他东南亚国家似乎也难逃 西方民主的“厄运”。菲律宾是另一个经济发展速度不如中国的“软柿子”：“美式民主并没有给人民带来繁荣与富裕，而是动荡与贫瘠，国运也迅速由盛变衰。” 注6最后得出结论，这些国家或地区的多数民众认为“民主转型未能改善他们的生活”。注7作者避而不提的是，英国、美国、战后日本等资本主义国家的经济起飞 恰和政治民主化同步，韩国、中国台湾地区的民主化并未阻碍其经济发展速度。经济发展更多取决于民主化的质量和社会稳定度。专制固然可以一时维持社会稳定和 经济增长，但是长远而言危机四伏；民主化可能会产生社会动荡，但是只要民主成果得以巩固，那么由此营造的长治久安必然有利于经济与社会的可持续发展。
三是在因果归责上简单片面，把经济 落后的过错统统归咎于民主制度。书中列数了印度民主的种种问题，譬如低效率――印度政府5年才改造了6000户贫民窟；譬如民主政体下的选民和政客受制于 短期利益，不能从印度社会的全局长远利益出发，孟买的基础设施就因为局部利益牵制而长期滞后。再譬如民主政府心慈手软，为了赢得选举取悦选民，不敢控制人 口增长，不能铁腕打破“既得利益”。注8种姓制度无疑制约了印度社会发展，而作者认为民主政治不如铁腕政治，无法消除罪恶的种姓制度，注9断言西方政治制 度但求个性、不求共性，导致民粹主义盛行，印度社会分裂和严重失序，印度教派和穆斯林教派“几乎每年都会发生大规模冲突”。注10
民主政治确实容易受制于短期利益的 掣肘，但是并不能对社会发展滞后承担全部责任。同样的体制，在不同文化的国家完全可能产生不同的经济实绩。种姓制度和宗教文化造就了印度的国民性，人民习 惯于安贫乐道的生活，而这是民主改变不了的。事实上，如秦晖教授指出，印度经济的落后在很大程度上源于其长期推行的“社会主义”经济政策，注11而和民主 政治没有直接关系。作者自己也承认，种姓制度与族群割裂并非民主政治本身的罪恶。从印度、美国等国的历史经验来看，宪政民主往往只能防止政府自身歧视，却 无力杜绝社会自发的歧视。不妨换个角度，即便民主无力矫正传统之恶，威权专制的结果会更好吗？过去几十年来，中国此起彼伏的政治运动彻底颠覆了自己的文化 传统，而社会为此付出了巨大代价，本身即已回答这个问题。对于印度这样的多族群、多信仰、多语言国家，维护了60多年的和平统一已是极了不起的成就，在此 期间没有发生任何“大饥荒”“大革命”及各种折腾人民的政治运动；如果在印度实行威权政治，只怕早已内战频仍、分崩离析。
四是用个人观感代替客观判断，用一 两个事件、一两次聊天、一两组不靠谱的数据，就给民主转型整体打不及格。作者断言印度教育落后，许多选民是目不识丁的文盲，很好骗，只要小恩小惠就可以搞 定，因而民主不适合印度这样的落后国家，但是支持这一结论的似乎只有自己的主观想象。如果看到最近的印度大选，一个人口接近中国的大国、1000多个政 党，却平稳淡定地选出自己的总理和550多人的“人民院”，作者是否会改变结论呢？注12在《中国震撼》里，不仅泰国、印尼等转型国家是“劣质民主”，甚 至韩国、中国台湾地区也缺乏“司法独立”和“公民文化”，“民主品质实在无法令人恭维”，注13而得出这一结论的依据无非是台湾大选的“枪击案”等个别突 发事件。对于没有去过台湾或只是去旅游几天的国人来说，台湾民主似乎就只剩下枪击、黑金政治、立法院打架……
在这种涂鸦式描写下，东欧的情景也 好不到哪里。作者引用一位不知名不知姓的“匈牙利资深政治学者”，表达了对东欧转型的极度失望。据说民调显示，“60%的人认为卡达尔时期是最幸福的时 期”，注14但是我没有找到这样的调查结果。转型让这些倒霉的国家大部分财产都被西方财团攫取，“一大批自私自利的政客在那儿争权夺利，导致百姓对政府的 普遍失望”注15。但是说来说去，这里的“百姓”似乎就是那位匈牙利“政治学者”。匈牙利还算幸运，基础比较好。加入欧盟的东欧十国中最差的保加利亚更是 不堪，“警察、司法体系都与黑社会勾结，使之成为欧盟新成员中最腐败的国家”；据说各级选举的选票街上就能买到，从基层到总统选举都有明码标价，注16也 不知这种说法的依据何在。假如保加利亚真这么滥，欧盟居然还能让其加入，真是匪夷所思。
其实，民主的腐败再严重，也不及专 制的腐败严重，而之所以民主政治看上去腐败，专制政治却看上去“清廉”，往往是因为后者没有前者的新闻自由，挖掘腐败很难、风险很大。即便如此，公开发表 的数据也不支持民主一定导致腐败的结论，尤其是在对照我们自己的情况之后。根据“透明国际”2013年统计的175个国家、地区的清廉程度排名中，中国排 在第80位，处于中间位置，印度和菲律宾则并列第94名。说印度和菲律宾政治“腐败”，只是“五十步笑百步”。照《中国震撼》的说法，东欧民主政治黑得暗 无天日，但是数据显示并非如此：匈牙利排名47、保加利亚排名77，所有东欧转型国家都比中国领先。注17作者说这些国家的民主政治“腐败”，那么对中国 的非民主政治该如何评价呢？更何况腐败调查难度很高，腐败“指数”主观随意性较大。如果被调查者知道中国一个小小的科级干部就能挪用上亿资金，一个能源部 副司长就家藏数亿现金，中纪委现场核查竟烧坏好几部点钞机，注18恐怕中国腐败指数还会大幅滑坡。在这个意义上，说“民主再糟糕也比专制好”并不为过。注 19
五是单边抹黑、拒绝对照，在大肆抨 击别人的时候闭口不谈自己的问题。譬如书中说到印度的“绿色指数”很差，却对中国自己的大规模生态环境破坏轻描淡写。我查了耶鲁大学公布的“环境表现指 数”（EPI）。注20在2014年调查的178个国家、地区中，排名前五位的国家分别是瑞士、澳大利亚、卢森堡、新加坡、捷克。印度排名155，确实很 落后，但是中国排名118，也好不到哪里。事实上，中国之所以综合指标优于印度，主要是因为环境的健康影响得到较好控制，气候与能源大幅度领先印度，而农 业、森林、渔业资源均落后于印度，空气污染更是倒数第三（176名，印度174名），但是这些在书中均不置一词，或即便提到也都作为“前进中可以克服的困 难”一带而过。
《中国震撼》把转型民主与法治说得 一无是处，却从不对照中国自己的民主与法治状态――也无法对照，因为GDP是中国唯一的强项，民主和法治则相比于东亚弱国也是我们的弱项。和民主相比，法 治指数更乐观一些。据“世界正义项目”2012―2013年的评估，中国司法公正指数在97个国家中排名69，排在越南后面。相比之下，被描写得混乱不堪 的泰国排名46，韩国则排名19，仅在美国之后。作者竟大言不惭，把韩国和中国台湾地区的民主与法治批得一钱不值，但调查数据的结论恰好相反。英国《经济 学人》2012年的统计表明，韩国在参与调查的167个国家中排名20，竟然在美国（21）、日本（23）之前。中国台湾和印度分别排在35、38，属于 “瑕疵民主”，但是瑕不掩瑜，仍不失为整体健康的民主，尤其是印度人口众多、经济贫困、教育落后，却仍然和平维持了60年的周期性选举，不能不说是了不起 的成就。这些国家或地区才是实至名归的东亚骄傲，到了《中国震撼》却全成了负面形象。东欧转型国家一般排名在40～50之间，最末一位保加利亚排名54。 和这些国家相比，中国目前的名次（第141位）实在让人乐观不起来。
六是曲解别国制度，混淆视听。《中 国震撼》诋毁新闻自由，为的是说明哪个国家的新闻自由都不是绝对的：“美国不允许报道本・拉登讲话，英国不允许歌颂希特勒，日本不允许批评天皇，泰国不允 许开国王的玩笑。”注21但事实上，美国并没有禁止报道本・拉登讲话的法律；之所以看不到拉登讲话，是因为主流媒体不会长篇累牍地报道一个恐怖分子头目的 原话。英国禁止的则是否认犹太大屠杀存在的事实，而不是歌颂希特勒的评论；歌颂还是谴责任何人，是公民自由选择的价值取向，是国家不能禁止或强求的。日本 和泰国确实不允许批评天皇或国王，但那只是一条单独的禁令而已，能否和全面管控媒体、直接给媒体下指令控制内容相提并论呢？以此来论证“哪个国家的新闻都 不自由”，只能是混淆视听。而并不令人惊讶的是，中国在新闻自由和网络言论上的排名比民主指数更靠后。
七是不择手段自我美化，用管制下的 舆论来吹捧管制。作者引用皮尤中心（PEW Global Attitudes Project）2010年的调查显示，高达87%的中国人对国家“满意”，而美国和法国的数字则分别只有30%和26%。注22在舆论受到严格管控的环 境下，此类国内民意调查数据是没有意义的，即使国外机构来做也改变不了这个结论。事实上，我查了这个网站，注23发现这组数据是很不靠谱的。问卷问的是对 国家发展“方向”的满意度，而从2002年至今的数据稀稀落落，不少国家只有一两个数字。2013年，中国“满意度”仍然居高不下。该年超过80%的只有 两个国家，另一个是马来西亚，而它除了2007年之外就没有别的调查数字。如此“三天打鱼、两天晒网”的调查有多大公信力？在新闻受到高度控制，百姓不能 质疑主流舆论的状态下，这种数字究竟有多大意义？
如果引用比较可靠的幸福指数，中国 的优越性远非那么明显。2010―2012年间，哥伦比亚大学地球研究所曾全面调查156个国家的幸福程度，并发布了《2013世界幸福报告》。注24中 国排名93，在匈牙利（110）与印度（111）之前，但是排在菲律宾之后，而卡萨克斯坦、克罗地亚、土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦（分别为57、58、 59、60）、阿尔巴尼亚（62）、白俄罗斯（66）、俄罗斯（68）、立陶宛（70）、爱沙尼亚（71）等中东欧转型国家都排名相对靠前，甚至乌克兰、 拉脱维亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦、罗马利亚（分别为87、88、89、90）也排在中国之前。如果带着深度“有色眼镜”选择材料，对自己形象有利的就用，不利的就 不用，那么结果只能是自欺欺人。
《中国震撼》一书问题实在太多。我 不是要一概否定《中国震撼》或任何一种国内左派观点。《中国震撼》这本书的“价值”，不在于其观点的说服力，而在它可以让我们反思民主体制本身的问题，尤 其是为什么印度民主发展得相当不错，却不仅长期陷于贫困，而且也未能保护环境？事实上，西方学者也在不断反思和批评自己的体制。这种现象本身表明宪政体制 的健康。无论设计多么完美的制度，在实践过程中都不可能十全十美，都会有缺点、弱点，因而需要批评监督，如此才能纠正错误、不断进步。不幸的是，国内不少 “左派”投机取巧，把民主体制所容忍的自由批评当作抹黑民主的污点，抓住一点、无限夸大、混淆视听。其实要写问题，中国的公权腐败、强征血拆、环境破 坏……能写出多少本书来？一旦国内的批评声音遭到压制，民众对国外的情况又不明就里，诸如《中国震撼》及国内某些媒体所带来的舆论误导就尤其值得警惕了。
不论国内“左派”对民主有什么样的 爱恨情仇，民主都是任何一个正常国家绕不过的坎儿。与其诋毁民主、弘扬“国粹”，刻意找一些民主不成功的国家作为逃避民主的心理安慰，甚至不惜歪曲事实来 “论证”某个既定的结论，不如正视自己的问题并对症下药。毕竟，别人好不好终究是别人的事；自己得了病却拒绝吃药，到头来害的还是自己。
（作者为北京大学宪法学教授）
（责任编辑洪振快）
中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/4/view-6372504.htm
《中国震撼》的中心论点是民主转型 的国家全军覆没――从东亚到东欧，西方宪政模式没有复制出一个成功的例子，而“论证”工具则可以说展示了国内左派的“百宝箱”。在这本不时“用数字说话” 却通篇没有一个注释的通俗读物中，西方法治国家显得老态龙钟、回天乏力，照搬西方模式的转型国家更是水土不服、哀鸿一片，挣扎在“水深火热”之中，而生机 盎然的中国正不可阻挡地“文明崛起”。据说作者走了100多个国家，结论是“总体上说，发展最成功的就是中国”。注2不仅华沙、布达佩斯比上海“至少落后 十年”，连地铁又破又烂的纽约都不如上海，注3最后甚至“论证”出“许多上海市民拥有的财富和生活水平高于瑞士”的惊世骇俗之语。注4
这些反常识结论是如何产生的？我浏览了这部大作，大致梳理出以下七种方法，仅供那些不想被忽悠的读者参考。
一是在评价标准选择上避重就轻，死 抱住一个对自己最有利的GDP，并以此概括人民生活水平的全部。GDP无疑是衡量一国经济实力和生活水平的重要指标，但显然并非是唯一指标。且不说这个指 标本身可能带有相当水分，在贪污腐败横行、环境破坏严重、贫富差距不断拉大的今天，其积极意义早已受到质疑。然而，全书通篇拿中国的GDP总量说事，而即 便官方也知道这个数字没有太大意义。不仅经济增长速度远不能涵盖文明程度乃至生活水准的各个方面，其实即便用迄今为止中国最拿得出手的人均收入或GDP增 长，即便用作者力挺的人均购买力（PPP）来衡量，也得不出中国“风景独好”的结论。据世界银行2012年统计，中国在213个经济体中排位113，确实 明显领先于印度和菲律宾；但是被作者描写得一团漆黑的匈牙利排名72，人均购买力是中国的2倍；更为“不堪”的保加利亚排名91，人均购买力超出中国一 半。注5
二是在对象选择上以偏概全，专门 “捡软柿子捏”。印度免不了是一个靶子，因为这个1950年立宪独立的国家几乎和当代中国同龄，却一直未能摆脱贫困。不仅印度，其他东南亚国家似乎也难逃 西方民主的“厄运”。菲律宾是另一个经济发展速度不如中国的“软柿子”：“美式民主并没有给人民带来繁荣与富裕，而是动荡与贫瘠，国运也迅速由盛变衰。” 注6最后得出结论，这些国家或地区的多数民众认为“民主转型未能改善他们的生活”。注7作者避而不提的是，英国、美国、战后日本等资本主义国家的经济起飞 恰和政治民主化同步，韩国、中国台湾地区的民主化并未阻碍其经济发展速度。经济发展更多取决于民主化的质量和社会稳定度。专制固然可以一时维持社会稳定和 经济增长，但是长远而言危机四伏；民主化可能会产生社会动荡，但是只要民主成果得以巩固，那么由此营造的长治久安必然有利于经济与社会的可持续发展。
三是在因果归责上简单片面，把经济 落后的过错统统归咎于民主制度。书中列数了印度民主的种种问题，譬如低效率――印度政府5年才改造了6000户贫民窟；譬如民主政体下的选民和政客受制于 短期利益，不能从印度社会的全局长远利益出发，孟买的基础设施就因为局部利益牵制而长期滞后。再譬如民主政府心慈手软，为了赢得选举取悦选民，不敢控制人 口增长，不能铁腕打破“既得利益”。注8种姓制度无疑制约了印度社会发展，而作者认为民主政治不如铁腕政治，无法消除罪恶的种姓制度，注9断言西方政治制 度但求个性、不求共性，导致民粹主义盛行，印度社会分裂和严重失序，印度教派和穆斯林教派“几乎每年都会发生大规模冲突”。注10
民主政治确实容易受制于短期利益的 掣肘，但是并不能对社会发展滞后承担全部责任。同样的体制，在不同文化的国家完全可能产生不同的经济实绩。种姓制度和宗教文化造就了印度的国民性，人民习 惯于安贫乐道的生活，而这是民主改变不了的。事实上，如秦晖教授指出，印度经济的落后在很大程度上源于其长期推行的“社会主义”经济政策，注11而和民主 政治没有直接关系。作者自己也承认，种姓制度与族群割裂并非民主政治本身的罪恶。从印度、美国等国的历史经验来看，宪政民主往往只能防止政府自身歧视，却 无力杜绝社会自发的歧视。不妨换个角度，即便民主无力矫正传统之恶，威权专制的结果会更好吗？过去几十年来，中国此起彼伏的政治运动彻底颠覆了自己的文化 传统，而社会为此付出了巨大代价，本身即已回答这个问题。对于印度这样的多族群、多信仰、多语言国家，维护了60多年的和平统一已是极了不起的成就，在此 期间没有发生任何“大饥荒”“大革命”及各种折腾人民的政治运动；如果在印度实行威权政治，只怕早已内战频仍、分崩离析。
四是用个人观感代替客观判断，用一 两个事件、一两次聊天、一两组不靠谱的数据，就给民主转型整体打不及格。作者断言印度教育落后，许多选民是目不识丁的文盲，很好骗，只要小恩小惠就可以搞 定，因而民主不适合印度这样的落后国家，但是支持这一结论的似乎只有自己的主观想象。如果看到最近的印度大选，一个人口接近中国的大国、1000多个政 党，却平稳淡定地选出自己的总理和550多人的“人民院”，作者是否会改变结论呢？注12在《中国震撼》里，不仅泰国、印尼等转型国家是“劣质民主”，甚 至韩国、中国台湾地区也缺乏“司法独立”和“公民文化”，“民主品质实在无法令人恭维”，注13而得出这一结论的依据无非是台湾大选的“枪击案”等个别突 发事件。对于没有去过台湾或只是去旅游几天的国人来说，台湾民主似乎就只剩下枪击、黑金政治、立法院打架……
在这种涂鸦式描写下，东欧的情景也 好不到哪里。作者引用一位不知名不知姓的“匈牙利资深政治学者”，表达了对东欧转型的极度失望。据说民调显示，“60%的人认为卡达尔时期是最幸福的时 期”，注14但是我没有找到这样的调查结果。转型让这些倒霉的国家大部分财产都被西方财团攫取，“一大批自私自利的政客在那儿争权夺利，导致百姓对政府的 普遍失望”注15。但是说来说去，这里的“百姓”似乎就是那位匈牙利“政治学者”。匈牙利还算幸运，基础比较好。加入欧盟的东欧十国中最差的保加利亚更是 不堪，“警察、司法体系都与黑社会勾结，使之成为欧盟新成员中最腐败的国家”；据说各级选举的选票街上就能买到，从基层到总统选举都有明码标价，注16也 不知这种说法的依据何在。假如保加利亚真这么滥，欧盟居然还能让其加入，真是匪夷所思。
其实，民主的腐败再严重，也不及专 制的腐败严重，而之所以民主政治看上去腐败，专制政治却看上去“清廉”，往往是因为后者没有前者的新闻自由，挖掘腐败很难、风险很大。即便如此，公开发表 的数据也不支持民主一定导致腐败的结论，尤其是在对照我们自己的情况之后。根据“透明国际”2013年统计的175个国家、地区的清廉程度排名中，中国排 在第80位，处于中间位置，印度和菲律宾则并列第94名。说印度和菲律宾政治“腐败”，只是“五十步笑百步”。照《中国震撼》的说法，东欧民主政治黑得暗 无天日，但是数据显示并非如此：匈牙利排名47、保加利亚排名77，所有东欧转型国家都比中国领先。注17作者说这些国家的民主政治“腐败”，那么对中国 的非民主政治该如何评价呢？更何况腐败调查难度很高，腐败“指数”主观随意性较大。如果被调查者知道中国一个小小的科级干部就能挪用上亿资金，一个能源部 副司长就家藏数亿现金，中纪委现场核查竟烧坏好几部点钞机，注18恐怕中国腐败指数还会大幅滑坡。在这个意义上，说“民主再糟糕也比专制好”并不为过。注 19
五是单边抹黑、拒绝对照，在大肆抨 击别人的时候闭口不谈自己的问题。譬如书中说到印度的“绿色指数”很差，却对中国自己的大规模生态环境破坏轻描淡写。我查了耶鲁大学公布的“环境表现指 数”（EPI）。注20在2014年调查的178个国家、地区中，排名前五位的国家分别是瑞士、澳大利亚、卢森堡、新加坡、捷克。印度排名155，确实很 落后，但是中国排名118，也好不到哪里。事实上，中国之所以综合指标优于印度，主要是因为环境的健康影响得到较好控制，气候与能源大幅度领先印度，而农 业、森林、渔业资源均落后于印度，空气污染更是倒数第三（176名，印度174名），但是这些在书中均不置一词，或即便提到也都作为“前进中可以克服的困 难”一带而过。
《中国震撼》把转型民主与法治说得 一无是处，却从不对照中国自己的民主与法治状态――也无法对照，因为GDP是中国唯一的强项，民主和法治则相比于东亚弱国也是我们的弱项。和民主相比，法 治指数更乐观一些。据“世界正义项目”2012―2013年的评估，中国司法公正指数在97个国家中排名69，排在越南后面。相比之下，被描写得混乱不堪 的泰国排名46，韩国则排名19，仅在美国之后。作者竟大言不惭，把韩国和中国台湾地区的民主与法治批得一钱不值，但调查数据的结论恰好相反。英国《经济 学人》2012年的统计表明，韩国在参与调查的167个国家中排名20，竟然在美国（21）、日本（23）之前。中国台湾和印度分别排在35、38，属于 “瑕疵民主”，但是瑕不掩瑜，仍不失为整体健康的民主，尤其是印度人口众多、经济贫困、教育落后，却仍然和平维持了60年的周期性选举，不能不说是了不起 的成就。这些国家或地区才是实至名归的东亚骄傲，到了《中国震撼》却全成了负面形象。东欧转型国家一般排名在40～50之间，最末一位保加利亚排名54。 和这些国家相比，中国目前的名次（第141位）实在让人乐观不起来。
六是曲解别国制度，混淆视听。《中 国震撼》诋毁新闻自由，为的是说明哪个国家的新闻自由都不是绝对的：“美国不允许报道本・拉登讲话，英国不允许歌颂希特勒，日本不允许批评天皇，泰国不允 许开国王的玩笑。”注21但事实上，美国并没有禁止报道本・拉登讲话的法律；之所以看不到拉登讲话，是因为主流媒体不会长篇累牍地报道一个恐怖分子头目的 原话。英国禁止的则是否认犹太大屠杀存在的事实，而不是歌颂希特勒的评论；歌颂还是谴责任何人，是公民自由选择的价值取向，是国家不能禁止或强求的。日本 和泰国确实不允许批评天皇或国王，但那只是一条单独的禁令而已，能否和全面管控媒体、直接给媒体下指令控制内容相提并论呢？以此来论证“哪个国家的新闻都 不自由”，只能是混淆视听。而并不令人惊讶的是，中国在新闻自由和网络言论上的排名比民主指数更靠后。
七是不择手段自我美化，用管制下的 舆论来吹捧管制。作者引用皮尤中心（PEW Global Attitudes Project）2010年的调查显示，高达87%的中国人对国家“满意”，而美国和法国的数字则分别只有30%和26%。注22在舆论受到严格管控的环 境下，此类国内民意调查数据是没有意义的，即使国外机构来做也改变不了这个结论。事实上，我查了这个网站，注23发现这组数据是很不靠谱的。问卷问的是对 国家发展“方向”的满意度，而从2002年至今的数据稀稀落落，不少国家只有一两个数字。2013年，中国“满意度”仍然居高不下。该年超过80%的只有 两个国家，另一个是马来西亚，而它除了2007年之外就没有别的调查数字。如此“三天打鱼、两天晒网”的调查有多大公信力？在新闻受到高度控制，百姓不能 质疑主流舆论的状态下，这种数字究竟有多大意义？
如果引用比较可靠的幸福指数，中国 的优越性远非那么明显。2010―2012年间，哥伦比亚大学地球研究所曾全面调查156个国家的幸福程度，并发布了《2013世界幸福报告》。注24中 国排名93，在匈牙利（110）与印度（111）之前，但是排在菲律宾之后，而卡萨克斯坦、克罗地亚、土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦（分别为57、58、 59、60）、阿尔巴尼亚（62）、白俄罗斯（66）、俄罗斯（68）、立陶宛（70）、爱沙尼亚（71）等中东欧转型国家都排名相对靠前，甚至乌克兰、 拉脱维亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦、罗马利亚（分别为87、88、89、90）也排在中国之前。如果带着深度“有色眼镜”选择材料，对自己形象有利的就用，不利的就 不用，那么结果只能是自欺欺人。
《中国震撼》一书问题实在太多。我 不是要一概否定《中国震撼》或任何一种国内左派观点。《中国震撼》这本书的“价值”，不在于其观点的说服力，而在它可以让我们反思民主体制本身的问题，尤 其是为什么印度民主发展得相当不错，却不仅长期陷于贫困，而且也未能保护环境？事实上，西方学者也在不断反思和批评自己的体制。这种现象本身表明宪政体制 的健康。无论设计多么完美的制度，在实践过程中都不可能十全十美，都会有缺点、弱点，因而需要批评监督，如此才能纠正错误、不断进步。不幸的是，国内不少 “左派”投机取巧，把民主体制所容忍的自由批评当作抹黑民主的污点，抓住一点、无限夸大、混淆视听。其实要写问题，中国的公权腐败、强征血拆、环境破 坏……能写出多少本书来？一旦国内的批评声音遭到压制，民众对国外的情况又不明就里，诸如《中国震撼》及国内某些媒体所带来的舆论误导就尤其值得警惕了。
不论国内“左派”对民主有什么样的 爱恨情仇，民主都是任何一个正常国家绕不过的坎儿。与其诋毁民主、弘扬“国粹”，刻意找一些民主不成功的国家作为逃避民主的心理安慰，甚至不惜歪曲事实来 “论证”某个既定的结论，不如正视自己的问题并对症下药。毕竟，别人好不好终究是别人的事；自己得了病却拒绝吃药，到头来害的还是自己。
（作者为北京大学宪法学教授）
（责任编辑洪振快）
潘虹：无法哭泣http://url.cn/g1NkhA
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NzMyODA2MQ==&mid=204116604&idx=3&sn=9a670fbe24f1233057d406a823c0eb48&scene=3#rd
潘虹：无法哭泣
潘虹日记（1994年）4月21日 星期四
26年了，每到这一天，我总觉得冷。这来自心底来自骨髓的寒意，是26年前，我第一次迎面遇见死亡时，他留给我的。
前天，是父亲的忌日。可真正让我感知到死亡的，是26年前的今天，在龙华火葬场门口。
雕龙的烟囱，高高的矗立在阴霾的天空下，时不时“轰”地一下，冒出一股浓浓的黑烟，在料峭的春寒里，逐渐飘散，变淡。
我呆呆地看着它，感觉着死亡。这就是所有人的最后归途。这不是童话故事里那条通往天堂的道路。童话里的天堂路是开满了鲜花，是美丽的，而这烟囱如此丑陋。
爸爸死了。终于还是死了。
这就是结果。我终于知道结果是什么了。
前一天的晚上，当我听到爸爸死讯的时候，心里就好像有一个结被松开了。我没有哭。我平静得不像他的女儿，甚至不像一个孩子。
作为一个二类右派的女儿，作为一个老是听大人们悄悄议论着哪一个相熟的叔叔伯伯阿姨又没了的十岁女孩，冥冥中早就在等待着一种模糊而又清晰的可怕的东西，早就知道自己的家总有破碎崩溃的那一天。
那个晚上，结果来了。这就是结果。一个预料中的结果。
可是，尽管听过那么多的死亡，有过那么多的准备，当死亡真正降临在自己的身边，发生在自己亲人身上的时候，总会留下一些特别深刻的东西。
对于我，那些天发生的每一件事，都是那么逼真那么鲜明地印在我的记忆里，连一个细节也不会忘记。
那个夜晚，煤气炉的水壶上温着一碗蛋炒饭，那是留给迟迟未归的母亲的。早已过了晚饭的时间，妈妈却连人影也不见，也没有一个说明她要晚归的口信请人带回。我带着妹妹和外婆面面相觑。谁也不敢问，会有什么事发生。可谁的心里都有预感，一定有什么事已经发生。
十一点多了，妈妈才回来。表情里没有什么异样，只是一件本该是淡灰色的夹衣，肩头已被屋外霏霏的冷雨淋成了深灰色。
我端蛋炒饭给她吃，她动了动筷，就打发我去睡。我刚一转身，她就对着外婆哭了。
她说爸爸死了，是自杀。昨天，吃了过量的安眠药，死了。
她说她今天去了龙华火葬场，想最后看他一眼。她在雨里站了很久，可他们不让她进。他们要她划清界线。
她回头来对我说：明天我也不能去，你给你爸爸送点东西去好吗？
好的，妈妈。我去。你别哭了。
我回答得那么冷静，连今天的我回想起来都有些诧异。
第二天一早，天还没亮，妈妈就把我叫起了床。
她打开爸爸的箱子，拿出套柞蚕丝的本白西服，一件白衬衣，一双相拼皮鞋，一双袜子，打成一个包袱，让我带去。她往我兜里塞了三十元钱，那是爸爸的一个同事打听了来告诉妈妈的，是用来收爸爸骨灰的钱。
然后，她送我上了43路公交车，把我交给了售票员。
龙华火葬场的门口，全都是和我差不多大的孩子，全都和我一样，手里提着个包袱。没有一个大人，只有替他们的父亲或母亲来承担一个结果的孩子们。
看门的老头向我招招手，示意我过去。
我走到他跟前，他问我，“来看谁？”
我默默递上死亡通知单。他接过去。看一眼通知单，又看一眼我，说，等一下，就转身进去了。
他进去了很久，寒气就一点一点侵袭了我的全身。
他终于出来了。第一句就问我有没有给爸爸带袜子。他说他一个脚光着。
我说带了。
“胸前吐得一塌糊涂，吃药死的，是不是？”他又问。
我点点头。
他停了停，又对我说：“回去不要告诉你妈妈，你爸爸的一个耳朵被撕下来一大半，挂在脸上呢。”
这一瞬间，我忽然觉得，爸爸死了，这是解脱。虽然那时的我根本还不懂得苦难的准确含义，也不懂得忍受苦难是一件多么不易的事，但我的心里对生和死就有了一种极具体的感觉。
与其那样活着，不如这样死了。
这一刻，我懂事了。
我把钱递给他。他拍拍我的头，说，“回去听话一点。”我点点头。
我觉得，那种感觉，不像是一个老人在关照一个孩子什么，倒像是两个大人在达成一种默契。
高高的烟囱雕着龙，矗立在阴霾的天空下，真丑陋。浓浓的黑烟时不时地“轰”一下冒出来，在料峭的春寒里，逐渐飘散，变淡。
我一路走，一路扭着头看它，心里就想着回去要听妈妈的话，别做任何让她失望的事。
父亲的死给我的不是悲伤，而是悟性。
他的死，使我一下子超越了时代，超越了年龄，甚至超越了痛苦。但也就在那一刻，我彻底失去了我的童年。这样一种生命层次的飞跃，使我比同龄的任何一个女孩子都更成熟，更知道怎样打理自己。因为我知道，只有照顾好自己，才能少给妈妈添麻烦。
于是，就有了一个十岁的小女孩，捧着她父亲的骨灰盒，一个人坐硬席火车，从上海到哈尔滨，整整三天二夜。为的，是要替她的母亲送她的父亲回他的老家。
四月的哈尔滨，松花江还没完全解冻。第一次出门，我什么都不懂，连害怕也不太懂得。只知道，这条路我一定要走到底，一定要把妈妈交给我的任务完成好，一定要把爸爸送回家。
北方的四月，一切都是冰冷的。
松花江是冰冷的。哈尔滨是冰冷的。父亲的骨灰是冰冷的。小女孩的心也是冰冷冰冷的。
哈尔滨，这个我生疏的城市，这个与我的生命有着一份无法割舍的亲缘的地方，让我冷得彻骨。
这种感觉，一直要到很久以后，因为拍戏常常重回哈尔滨，才慢慢暖和起来。
这些事都过去好多年了，从来没有这样详细地记述过它们。今天不知怎么的，全都涌上来了。大概是前两天看了《辛德勒的名单》的缘故。
看那些灿若春花的生命，在转瞬间就烟消云散，我就在想，人类为什么总是有那么多的浩劫，那么多的灾难。看那些犹太人在那里为生存挣扎，觉得生命真是脆弱极了，任何一点点意外都可能使它夭折。
我一直觉得人的一生其实就考虑两大问题，爱与恨，生与死。其他的一切问题都是依附在这两大主题上的。尤其是生和死，它们的来与去，都由不得我们。我们只好主宰生和死之间的那短短的一段时光。活着，就活好它。
可是，一个人要活得有尊严，要死得有尊严，都不是那么容易的事。
女
主播，千万不能碰～周永康染性病十余年信息外泄，女主播们恐慌不已。这几天，北京大医院的妇科、皮肤科涌入一张张熟悉面孔。让医生们惊奇:
同样染病，好些与周不是同一品种。面对医生的询问，她们的回答让人哭笑不得:“谁说只有他上过我!谁说我只有他一个大人物”。睡高官或被高官睡，已常态？
JKDXS
make plans, "Seeking Truth" wrote: Western hostile forces are still stepping up to China to "westernize" [Editor's note] December 15, 2014 Section 24, "Seeking Truth" magazine published a CPPCC Vice Chairman, Central United Front Work Department Minister signed article that the scheme, the article entitled "Chinese characteristics, adhere to the correct path to solve the ethnic problem to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation http://url.cn/Z2GKNuJKDXS
make plans, "Seeking Truth" wrote: Western hostile forces are still stepping up to China to "westernize" [Editor's note] December 15, 2014 Section 24, "Seeking Truth" magazine published a CPPCC Vice Chairman, Central United Front Work Department Minister signed article that the scheme, the article entitled "Chinese characteristics, adhere to the correct path to solve the ethnic problem to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation http://url.cn/Z2GKNuJKDXS
令计划《求是》撰文：西方敌对势力仍在加紧对华实施“西化”【编者按】 12月15日，2014年第24期《求是》杂志刊载了全国政协副主席、中央统战部部长令计划的署名文章，文章题为《坚持中国特色解决民族问题正确道路 为实现中华民族伟大复兴中 http://url.cn/Z2GKNu
@周蓬安: 这篇文章都删掉了。但收藏的人恐怕不会少。
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《求是》
2014-12-15 20:26 来自 舆论场
【编者按】
12月15日，2014年第24期《求是》杂志刊载了全国政协副主席、中央统战部部长令计划的署名文章，文章题为《坚持中国特色解决民族问题正确道路 为实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦团结奋斗》。
3个月前的9月28日至29日，中央民族工作会议在北京举行，习近平作重要讲话。
文章约4000字，谈及民族工作中有8个“必须坚持”，全文至少16次引述习近平讲话精神。以下为文章全文：
全国政协副主席、中央统战部部长令计划。 新华社 图
习近平总书记在中央民族工作会议上的重要讲话，深刻论述了事关民族工作全局最核心、最根本的道路问题，升华了我们党对民族工作规律的认识，是指导新形势下民族工作的纲领性文献。深入学习贯彻习近平总书记这一重要讲话精神，关键是坚持把马克思主义民族理论同中国民族具体实际相结合，坚持和发展中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路，同心同德为实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦而奋斗。
一、必须坚持党对民族工作的领导。习近平总书记强调，“做好民族工作关键在党、关键在人”；“民族工作能不能做好，最根本的一条是党的领导是不是坚强有力”。这些重要论述，凸显了加强党的领导对做好民族工作的极端重要性。
中国共产党成立伊始，就把解决中国的民族问题摆在突出位置。历史经验充分表明，不论过去、现在还是将来，党的领导都是民族工作成功的根本保证，也是各民族大团结的根本保证。在新的历史条件下，民族领域出现的新情况新问题，民族工作面临的新机遇新挑战，都对党的执政能力提出了新的更高要求。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们把党的领导贯穿于民族工作的全过程和各方面。加强领导体制和工作机制建设，完善党委领导、政府负责、有关部门协同配合、全社会通力合作的民族工作格局。统战部作为党委在民族工作方面的职能部门，要会同民委等部门加强政策研究，搞好综合协调，抓好督促检查。加强干部队伍建设，建设一支明辨大是大非、维护民族团结、热爱各族群众的高素质民族地区干部队伍。加强基层组织和政权建设，不断提高基层党组织和党员干部联系、服务、引领各族群众的能力。
二、必须坚持中国特色社会主义道路。习近平总书记强调，“党的民族理论和方针政策是正确的，中国特色解决民族问题的道路是正确的”；做好新形势下民族工作必须牢牢把握坚持中国特色社会主义道路这一正确政治方向，坚定不移贯彻党的民族理论政策。这些重要论述，廓清了关于我国民族理论政策的模糊和错误认识，明确了中国特色解决民族问题正确道路必须遵循的重大原则。
举什么旗、走什么路，决定着一个国家解决民族问题道路的性质和走向。中国特色社会主义，在政治上始终致力于保障各族群众共同当家作主，在经济上始终致力于促进少数民族和民族地区加快发展，在文化上始终致力于发展民族地区科教文卫事业。可以说，同世界上其他任何国家相比，我国民族工作做得都是最成功的。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们深刻认识中国特色社会主义道路是实现国家富强、民族复兴的唯一正确道路，也是解决中国民族问题的唯一正确方向。民族工作必须保持战略定力，始终坚持中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路不动摇、不偏移。
三、必须坚持维护祖国统一。习近平总书记强调，“处理好民族问题、做好民族工作，是关系祖国统一和边疆巩固的大事”；团结统一是国家最高利益，是各族人民共同利益。这些重要论述，鲜明指出了必须把维护统一、反对分裂贯穿于民族工作的方方面面，清晰划定了处理民族问题的底线和红线。
团结统一是福，动荡分裂是祸。只有国家统一、民族团结、社会稳定，才有良好的发展环境，才能抓住重要战略机遇期，实现民族伟大复兴。我国民族团结、社会稳定、国家统一的总体形势是好的。然而，西方敌对势力仍在加紧利用民族问题对我实施“西化”、“分化”，我们面临的形势依然严峻复杂。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们始终把国家统一作为各族人民的最高利益，敢于和善于同民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力和暴力恐怖势力作斗争。要深刻认识祖国统一是民族工作的基本原则，在处理民族问题、开展民族工作中都要贯穿维护统一这条主线，大力弘扬以爱国主义为核心的伟大民族精神，坚决粉碎境内外敌对势力的分裂破坏图谋。
四、必须坚持各民族一律平等。习近平总书记强调，新中国把民族平等作为立国的根本原则之一，各民族共同当家作主，反对任何民族压迫和歧视；大汉族主义要不得，狭隘民族主义也要不得，它们都是民族团结的大敌。这些重要论述，既坚持了马克思主义解决民族问题的根本原则，又明确了新的历史条件下坚持民族平等的时代内涵。
民族平等是党的民族理论政策的基石，也是社会主义民主的重要体现。我国的民族平等具有广泛性、全面性、均衡性，社会主义制度在保障民族平等上是彻底的、真实的。当前，我国民族平等的基础是扎实的，社会主义民族关系不断巩固和发展的基本态势没有变，但损害民族地区和少数民族群众合法权益的事情也时有出现。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们正确认识和全面把握民族平等的科学内涵，切实保障各民族群众的合法权益。要正确看待民族差异，尊重各族群众的选择，设身处地地理解和尊重少数民族的感情，尊重不同的风俗习惯。要逐步缩小发展差距，让各族群众都过上好日子，平等共享改革发展成果，最终实现各民族事实上的一律平等。要坚决贯彻民族平等政策，既反对大汉族主义，也反对狭隘民族主义。
五、必须坚持和完善民族区域自治制度。习近平总书记强调，民族区域自治是党的民族政策的源头，我们的民族政策都是由此而来、依此而存；民族区域自治制度符合我国国情；民族区域自治不是某个民族独享的自治，民族自治地方更不是某个民族独有的地方。这些重要论述，丰富了民族区域自治的内涵，明确了坚持和完善民族区域自治制度的方向和原则。
民族区域自治制度是我国的一项基本政治制度，是中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的重要内容和制度保障。我们一定要深刻认识实行民族区域自治制度的历史必然性和极端重要性，毫不动摇地坚持好、发展好、完善好这一制度。一段时间以来，一些人对民族区域自治制度存有这样那样的不同认识。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们全面、完整、准确地把握这一制度的科学内涵和基本要求。一方面，要坚持统一和自治相结合，深刻认识中央政府与民族自治地方自治机关之间绝不是简单的分权让利关系，民族自治地方行使自治权必须把维护国家的整体利益放在首位，确保国家法律和政令实施，切实稳定民族区域自治基本格局。另一方面，要坚持民族因素和区域因素相结合，将两者有机统一于推进我国民族团结进步和维护国家集中统一的实践之中，做到依法行使民族区域自治权和贯彻执行党和国家方针政策相统一，保护少数民族合法权益和依法履行公民义务相统一，促进区域内全体群众共同富裕和重点帮助相对贫困地区相统一。
六、必须坚持各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。习近平总书记强调，“民族团结是我国各族人民的生命线”；“各族干部群众都要像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护民族团结，像珍视自己的生命一样珍视民族团结”；“发展是解决民族地区各种问题的总钥匙”。这些重要论述，指出了社会主义初级阶段民族问题的核心所在，明确了民族工作的战略布局和着力重点。
紧紧把握民族团结这个中心，在民族团结的基础上加快发展，是总结我国民族关系发展内在规律得出的科学结论。搞好团结是固本之举，加快发展是长远之计。当前，民族地区进入了经济社会发展最快、城乡面貌变化最大、各族群众得到实惠最多的时期，但民族地区市场经济起步晚、竞争能力比较弱，少数民族群众加快发展、改善民生的愿望日益迫切。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们既要毫不动摇地促团结，积极创新民族团结进步创建活动的载体和方式，又要毫不松劲地抓发展，把发展落实到解决区域性共同问题、增进群众福祉、促进民族团结上，走具有中国特色、民族地区特点的科学发展路子。
七、必须坚持打牢中华民族共同体的思想基础。习近平总书记强调，“解决好民族问题，物质方面的问题要解决好，精神方面的问题也要解决好”；“加强中华民族大团结，长远和根本的是增强文化认同，建设各民族共有精神家园，积极培养中华民族共同体意识”。这些重要论述，深刻揭示了几千年来中华民族优良传统的思想精髓，鲜明指出了新形势下民族工作的努力方向。
打牢中华民族共同体的思想基础，关键是要构筑各民族共有精神家园，深刻认识到各族人民血脉相连、一荣俱荣、一损俱损。中华民族共同体，既是文化共同体，也是利益共同体，更是命运共同体。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们把促进各民族交往交流交融作为实现各民族大团结的金钥匙，充分认识交往交流交融是各民族休戚与共的历史主脉，是促进各民族和睦相处、和衷共济、和谐发展的根本方法。要鼓励民族地区和其他地区各族群众跨区域、跨行业有序流动，推动各族群众多方位、多形式地走动互动。要以社会主义核心价值体系为主导，扎实推进国家通用语言教育，引导各族群众自觉弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神。要推动建立相互嵌入式的社会结构和社区环境，使“三个离不开”的思想内化于心、外化于行，不断增强各族群众对伟大祖国的认同、对中华民族的认同、对中华文化的认同、对中国特色社会主义的认同。
八、必须坚持依法治国。习近平总书记强调，只有树立对法律的信仰，各族群众自觉按法律办事，民族团结才有保障，民族关系才会牢固；要增强各族群众法律意识，懂得法律面前人人平等，谁都没有超越法律的特权。这些重要论述，明确了巩固和推进民族团结进步事业的实践路径和保障。
坚持把维护民族平等、巩固民族团结的体制机制、办法措施用法律制度确定下来，是我们党解决中国民族问题的重要途径，也是实施依法治国方略的重要方面。目前，我国已初步建立了民族法律法规体系，有力保障了各民族的平等权利、平等团结互助和谐的民族关系以及民族区域自治的顺利实施。学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话，要求我们更加注重运用法治思维和法治方式，在法律和法治框架内开展民族工作。要深入开展法治教育，引导各族干部群众树立法律意识、公民意识、国家意识，形成办事依法、遇事找法、解决问题用法、化解矛盾靠法的良好环境。要坚决维护法律权威，坚持宪法和法律面前人人平等，特别是对极少数蓄意挑拨民族关系、破坏民族团结的犯罪分子，对搞民族分裂和暴恐活动的犯罪分子，无论什么民族出身、信仰哪种宗教，都要坚决依法打击。要大力推进人本执法，在处理涉及民族因素的违法事件时，充分考虑少数民族的文化习俗和心理差异，努力做到法律效果、社会效果和政治效果的统一。
中华民族的光辉历史是各族人民共同缔造的，伟大祖国的美好未来仍需各族人民共同开创。我们坚信，在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，各族人民始终沿着中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路奋勇前进，一定能够谱写民族团结进步事业的新篇章，共圆中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦！
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